Immunization Flashcards
a process by which an individual’s immune system becomes
fortified to resist any particular
infectious disease or pathogen through vaccines
IMMUNIZATION
plan of actions, procedures, and activities with a specific long-term aim.
PROGRAM
This program was initiated by the World Health Organization to vaccinate children throughout the world six vaccine-preventable
diseases: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and measles
Expanded Program in Immunization (1976)
4 Immunization Routes
- Oral (PO)
- Intranasal (NAS)
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular (IM)
is one of the major diseases that
kill many lives brought by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, wherein it affects the infants’ and
children’s body parts such as the brain, bones,
joints, and other internal organs (extrapulmonary or
miliary tuberculosis).
TUBERCULOSIS
The 6 Vaccine Preventable Diseases:
- Tuberculosis
- Poliomyelitis
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus
- Pertussis
- Measles
BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) (ID)
Protection from: TUBERCULOSIS
Route: ID
When: AT BIRTH
Hepatitis B (IM)
Protection from: HEPA B
Route: IM
When: AT BIRTH
Pentavalent vaccine (IM)
Protection from:
-Diphtheria,
-Pertussis,
-Tetanus,
-Haemophilus Influenzae type b
-Hepatitis B
Route: IM
When: 6, 10, and 14 weeks
The disease is a life-threatening condition caused by the Hepatitis B virus affecting the liver that
appears asymptomatic for decades in neonates.
HEPATITIS B
nose, throat, tonsils,
and/or skin; paralysis, heart failure, kidney failure, and
sometimes death; obstructs the pseudomembranes in
the upper respiratory tract, giving children difficulty
breathing and swallowing
DIPHTHERIA (DIPHTHERIA TOXIN)
contagious respiratory
disease, “whooping cough,” leading to troubled breathing,
pneumonia, and death
Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis)
severely painful muscle
contractions, “lockjaw”
Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)
Can cause meningitis and
pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Oral Polio Vaccine, Inactivated Polio Vaccine
Protection from: Poliovirus
When: 6, 10, and 14 weeks (oral); 14 weeks, and 9 months (inactivated)
An incurable virus paralyzes 1 in 200
infected people, and 5 to 10 percent die when their breathing muscles get involved.
POLIO
Pentavalent Vaccine is given for:
- Diphtheria
- Pertussis
- Tetanus
- Haemophilus Influenza B
- Hepatitis B
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)
Protection from: Pneumonia and Meningitis
When: 6, 10, and 14 week
These illnesses are the most common
pneumococcal diseases that cause worldwide sickness and death, especially among children
under two years old.
PNEUMONIA & MENINGITIS
MMR Vaccine
Protection from: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
When: 9 months and 1 year old
highly contagious
disease; symptoms: fever, runny nose, white spots in the
back of the mouth, and a rash; blindness, brain swelling, and
death
MEASLES
meningitis, inflammation of the
testicles, and deafness
Mumps (paramyxovirus)
childbearing women: miscarriage,
stillbirth, infant death or defects in the eyes, ears, heart, and
brain; Congenital Rubella Syndrome
RUBELLA INFECTION
Protection from: Tuberculosis
BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) (ID)
When to give: At birth
Protection from: Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B (IM)
When to give: At birth
Protection from: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Haemophilus
influenzae type b, and Hepatitis B
Pentavalent vaccine (IM)
When to give: 6, 10, and 14 weeks
Protection from: Poliovirus
Oral Polio Vaccine, Inactivated Polio Vaccine
When to give: 6, 10, and 14 weeks; 14 weeks, and 9 months
Protection from: Pneumonia and Meningitis
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)
When to give: 6, 10, and 14 weeks
Protection from: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella
MMR Vaccine
When to give: 9 months and one year old
