immunity chapter 13\

Question 1

function of immune system

Answer 1

defend the body against from infectious disease, tissue repair, and potential pathogens

Question 2

Outline mechanisms the gymnast’s body uses in response to damage from a fall off the beam. (5)

Answer 2

Physical: epithelial lining, mucosal secretion
chemical: low ph of stomach acid
leucoytes: white blood cells which fight dieseases
inflamation
clotting
antibidodies

Question 3

Identify one effect on the immune system of training for a marathon.

Answer 3

Decrease in innate and adaptive functions: due to higher level of cortisol and lower leukocyte count

Question 4

Discuss how exercise affects susceptibility to infectious disease in a highly-trained athlete. (5)

Answer 4

-Relationship is a J curve
-Highly trained atheltes are more likely to be sick than sedentary people
- trained have a lower leucocytes count due to constant stress
- trained have higher exposure to airborne pathogens due to increased breathing rates
- trained experience more inflamation by muscle damage
- some training does epxerience less sickness

Question 5

Outline strategies a marathon runner could use to reduce the risk of infection. (3)

Answer 5

• sufficient rest
• maintain good diet with variety of minerals
• maintain good oral hygiene