Immunity

Question 1

Stage of HIV infection with the following clinical manifestations: high viral load, decreased CD4+, and a high transmission potential.

Answer 1

acute retroviral syndrome

Question 2

A deadly, sexually transmitted disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus

Answer 2

AIDS

Question 3

Cells of the immune system that are targeted by the HIV virus

Answer 3

CD4+ helper T cells

Question 4

A coreceptor that allows the HIV virus to attack microphages

Answer 4

chemokine receptor

Question 5

The stage if HIV infection that occurs after the brief early infection episode, in which the individual may remain asymptomatic for months and years and the virus continues replicating, but not as fast as during the acute phase.

Answer 5

clinical latency or chronic HIV infection stage

Question 6

The virus GP120 must attach to this receptor in order to attach to the T cells

Answer 6

CXCR4

Question 7

The second part of the life cycle: the joining of the virus protein and the CD4+ membrane which then allows entry

Answer 7

fusion

Question 8

Substance on the outer surface of the HIV virus that binds to the CD4+ on dendritic cells

Answer 8

glycoprotein 120

Question 9

Vaccines that are made from whole or fractions of viruses or bacterial antigens or the toxin produced by the bacteria antigens or the toxin produced by the bacteria

Answer 9

inactivated

Question 10

A viral enzyme that allows the viral DNA to become integrated into the CD4+ cells own DNA

Answer 10

integrase

Question 11

Vaccines created from weakened wild viruses or bacteria that can replicate without causing disease. They can create an almost identical immune response as active infection.

Answer 11

live

Question 12

The enzyme that converts the viral RNA to DNA

Answer 12

reverse transcriptase

Question 13

Immune complex mediated type of hypersensitivity, in which circulating antigen-antibody complexes accumulate and are deposited in the tissue. This accumulation triggers the complement system, causing local inflammation and increased vascular permeability, so more complexes accumulate

Answer 13

type 3 hypersensitivity

Question 14

Cell mediated hypersensitivity, which involves a delayed processing of the antigen by the macrophages. Once processed, the antigen is presented to the T cells, resulting in releasing in the release of lymphokines that cause inflammation and antigen destruction

Answer 14

Type 4 hypersensitivity