Immunity

Question 1

What are the 2 main types of white blood cells?

Answer 1

Phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 2

What is the name for an organism that causes disease?

Answer 2

Pathogen

Question 3

What do pathogens secrete to harm the body?

Answer 3

Toxins (toxic waste substances)

Question 4

What are the kingdoms that can be pathogens?

Answer 4

1) Bacteria
2) Fungi
3) Protoctista
[4) Viruses]

Question 5

What is the role of phagocytes?

Answer 5

To engulf and digest pathogens via phagocytosis

Question 6

What are the 6 stages of phagocytosis?

Answer 6

1) Phagocyte recognises pathogen
2) Phagocyte engulfs pathogen by phagocytosis
3) Lysozymes containing enzymes move towards the pathogen
4) Enzymes break down the pathogen
5) Useful materials are absorbed
6) Waste products are removed from the phagocyte

Question 7

What is the role of lymphocytes?

Answer 7

To produce Y shaped proteins called antibodies, which attach to structures on pathogens called antigens

Question 8

What are the 6 stages of how lymphocytes combat pathogens?

Answer 8

1) Lymphocytes detect pathogen
2) Lymphocytes release many different types of antibody
3) Correct antibody connects to the pathogen’s antigen
4) Lymphocyte then releases large numbers of the correct antibody
5) Pathogens either clump together resulting in death, or the antibodies trigger phagocytes
6) Lymphocytes make memory cells, which produce the antibody very quickly

Question 9

What is a vaccination?

Answer 9

When the body is given a vaccine, which is an inoculation of either a dead or a live attenuated pathogen. to artificially stimulate the immune system and to cause memory cells to be created

Question 10

What is immunity?

Answer 10

When memory cells have been created against a certain pathogen, meaning the body can no longer be infected by it

Question 11

What are memory cells?

Answer 11

Cells that produce one kind of antibody to target a specific pathogen when they recognise it’s antigen. They are made by lymphocytes