Genetics and Inheritance

Question 1

What is pure breeding?

Answer 1

Where two homozygous (TT, tt) parents breed, meaning all of the offspring are guaranteed to have a certain phenotype

Question 2

What is self pollination?

Answer 2

Where pollen from the anther of one plant is put on the stigma of the same plant

Question 3

Why did Mendel put a plastic bag over the desired flower?

Answer 3

So insects couldn’t pollinate the carpel with pollen from an unknown source

Question 4

What is an allele?

Answer 4

A version of a gene

Question 5

What is homozygous?

Answer 5

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait

Question 6

What is heterozygous?

Answer 6

Organisms that have two different alleles for a particular trait

Question 7

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 7

A trait that only needs one allele present to be expressed

Question 8

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 8

A trait that needs two alleles present to be expressed

Question 9

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 9

A disease affecting the lungs, causing mucus to become so thick that it cannot be removed

Question 10

What is a carrier?

Answer 10

A carrier is someone that has a certain gene but they don’t express it (recessive allele in a heterozygous gene)

Question 11

What are pedigree diagrams used for?

Answer 11

Determining the probability of inheriting a genetic disease