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Exam 4 > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is immunity?

A

The body’s specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism; resistance to disease, specifically infectious disease.

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2
Q

What is the reason some parents want to stop vaccinating their children?

A

The supposed link between vaccinations and autism. (It has been disproved)

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3
Q

With the increase of immunizations, what has happened to the amount of incidences of communicable disease?

A

It has declined.

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4
Q

Have the complications of communicable conditions increased or decreased with the use of antibiotics and antitoxins?

A

Decreased.

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5
Q

What is important to asses for a infectious condition?

A
  • recent exposure to infectious agents
  • prodromal symptoms (early symptoms)
  • immunization history (up to date?)
  • history of having the disease.
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6
Q

What are Koplik spots?

A

White spots on the sides of the inside of the mouth.

And early sign of the measles

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7
Q

What is the primary prevention of disease?

A

Immunizations

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8
Q

How can you control the spread of disease?

A

Hand washing, reduction of transmission of organisms and infection control policies in place

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9
Q

Which groups of children are at risk for serious complications?

A
  • the immunocompromised
  • those receiving steroid or immunosuppressive therapy
  • those with generalized malignancies
  • those with an immunologic disorder
  • infants younger than 1 year
  • child with hemolytic diseases (blood disease)
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10
Q

Do infants have any immunity?

A

Yes, some immunities cross the placenta and some also passed through breast milk

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11
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

Nonspecific response to any foreign invader

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12
Q

Give me some examples of natural immunity?

A

WBC, histamine, prostaglandins, inflammatory response, physical barriers

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13
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

Specific against a foreign antigen

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14
Q

What are the two types of acquired immunity?

A

Active and Passive.

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15
Q

What is active immunity?

A

Deliberately given to you.

Introduce antigen into body, allow immunity to develop

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16
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Passed from mother to baby.

Injection of antibodies produced by another host

17
Q

What are two examples of active immunity?

A

Vaccines and exposure to pathogen

18
Q

What are two examples of passive immunity?

A

Immunoglobulins (antibodies) and mother to baby

19
Q

What are the variable that affect immune function?

A
  • age and gender(younger than one not vaccinated)
  • genetic factors and lifestyle
  • nutrition (malnourished - cant fight off anything)
  • emotional/physical comorbidities
  • surgeries/trauma
  • allergies
  • history of infection and immunizations
  • meds
  • psychoneuroimmunologic factors (effects of mind and health and the ability to fight infections)
20
Q

What type of responses can you have to vaccines?

A
  • local reaction (hurts an injection site and immune system kicks in)
  • systemic reaction
  • local allergic reaction
  • Anaphylaxis (life threatening allergy)
21
Q

How often is the immunization schedule updated?

A

Annually

22
Q

What type of immunity decreases in children?

A

Transplacental.

23
Q

What type of booster may adults need to get?

A

Childhood vaccines.

24
Q

Why is it important. To assess immunization status at every visit?

A

To stay up to date.

25
Q

What are the contraindications for immunizations?

A
  • acute illness with high fever
  • hypersensitivity reaction
  • recent immunoglobulin therapy
  • cancer treatments
  • pregnancy
26
Q

Why is it important to spread out vaccinations when a child is young?

A

So you wont overload their immune system,

27
Q

What are some of the things to educate parents on about immunizations?

A
  • effectiveness of vaccine
  • they often have lack of confidence in vaccine recommendations.
  • “herd immunity”
  • fear of side effects (previous negative side effects of family of friends)
  • fear that immunizations compromise immune system (autism)
28
Q

Do vaccinations compromise the immune system?

A

Studies have shown they do not,

29
Q

What is the role of healthcare providers with immunizations?

A
  • teach consistent message about vaccination value
  • answer parent questions
  • give VIS’s to parent/guardian
  • discuss risks/benefits
  • obtain written consent
  • document informed refusal
30
Q

DO parents have the right to refuse immunizations?

A

Yes.

Exam 4 (13 decks)

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