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Integrated Human Physiology > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q 
A 20-year-old man presents to the emergency room with a two week history of diarrhea following a trip out of the country. He is admitted to the hospital for dehydration. His stool specimen is positive for parasitic eggs. Which type of WBCs would have an elevated number?
A.	Eosinophils
B.	Neutrophils
C.	T lymphocytes
D.	B lymphocytes
E.	Monocytes
A

A. Eosinophils

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2
Q

During an inflammatory response, which is the correct order for cellular events?
A. Infiltration of monocytes from blood, increased production of neutrophils, activation of tissue macrophage, infiltration of neutrophils from the blood
B. Activation of tissue macrophage, infiltration of neutrophils from the blood, infiltration of monocytes from blood, increased production of neutrophils
C. Increased production of neutrophils, activation of tissue macrophage, infiltration of neutrophils from the blood, infiltration of monocytes from blood
D. Infiltration of neutrophils from the blood, activation of tissue macrophage, infiltration of monocytes from blood, increased production of neutrophils

A

B. Activation of tissue macrophage, infiltration of neutrophils from the blood, infiltration of monocytes from blood, increased production of neutrophils

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3
Q 
Basophils share functional and morphological characteristics with:
A.	Monocytes
B.	Macrophages
C.	Mast cells
D.	Myelocytes
A

C. Mast cells

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4
Q 
In a normal healthy person which of the following blood components has the longest life span?
A.	Macrophages
B.	T cells
C.	Erythrocytes
D.	Platelets
A

A. Macrophages

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5
Q

Neutrophils are capable of all of the following except?
A. Diapedesis
B. Phagocytosis of whole red blood cells
C. Ameboid motion
D. Production of proteolytic enzymes for digestion of bacteria

A

D. Production of proteolytic enzymes for digestion of bacteria

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6
Q 
What occurs following presentation of antigen by an infected cell? 
A.	Generation of antibodies
B.	Activation of cytotoxic T cells
C.	Increase in phagocytosis
D.	Release of histamine by mast cells
A

B. Activation of cytotoxic T cells

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7
Q 
What is the term for adhesion of an invading microbe with IgG and complement to facilitate recognition?
A.	Chemokinesis
B.	Opsonization
C.	Phagolysosome fusion
D.	Signal transduction
A

B. Opsonization

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8
Q

What causes the release of histamine in an allergic reaction?
A. The binding of IgM to basophils
B. The binding of IgE to mast cells
C. The release of histamine by helper T cells
D. The free radical stimulation of endothelial cells

A

B. The binding of IgE to mast cells

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9
Q

Helper T-Cells:
A. Are identical to natural killer cells
B. Can be activated by the presentation of antigen by an infected cell
C. Require the presence of a competent B cell system
D. Destroy bacteria by phagocytosis

A

B. Can be activated by the presentation of antigen by an infected cell

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10
Q 
Presentation of antigen on MHC-I by a target cell will result in: 
A.	Generation of antibodies
B.	Activation of cytotoxic T cells
C.	Increase in phagocytosis
D.	Release of histamine by mast cells
A

B. Activation of cytotoxic T cells

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11
Q

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an important molecule in the immune response. What function does it carry out?
A. Binds to and presents antigen
B. Causes proliferation of cytotoxic T cells
C. Kills virus-infected cells
D. Inhibits helper T-cells

A

B. Causes proliferation of cytotoxic T cells

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12
Q 
Circulating antibodies are secreted mainly by:
A.	T helper lymphocytes
B.	T suppressor lymphocytes
C.	Dormant B lymphocytes
D.	Plasma cells
E.	T killer lymphocytes
A

D. Plasma cells

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13
Q

The lymphatic system does all of the following, except that it
A) helps maintain normal blood volume.
B) transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.
C) eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid.
D) transports lipids from the digestive tract.
E) fights infection.

A

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes.

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14
Q

Lymph nodes do all of the following, except that they
A) produce antibodies.
B) monitor the contents of lymph.
C) remove debris and pathogens from the lymph.
D) accumulate cancer cells.
E) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

A

E) remove excess nutrients from the lymph.

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15
Q 
The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells.  
A) NK  
B) B  
C) helper T  
D) cytotoxic T  
E) suppressor T
A

B) B

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16
Q 
Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells.  
A) B  
B) plasma  
C) helper T  
D) cytotoxic T  
E) suppressor T
A

D) cytotoxic T

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17
Q 
The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells.  
A) NK  
B) plasma  
C) helper T  
D) thymus  
E) liver
A

B) plasma

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18
Q 
Innate defenses include  
A) phagocytic cells.  
B) physical barriers.  
C) inflammation.  
D) interferons.  
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

19
Q 
Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include  
A) sebaceous glands.  
B) mucus.  
C) epithelia.  
D) epidermal layers.  
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

20
Q 
The body's innate defenses include all of the following, except  
A) the skin.  
B) complement.  
C) interferon.  
D) inflammation.  
E) antibodies.
A

E) antibodies.

21
Q 
Various types of macrophages are derived from  
A) lymphocytes.  
B) monocytes.  
C) neutrophils.  
D) eosinophils.  
E) basophils.
A

B) monocytes.

22
Q 
Inflammation produces localized  
A) swelling.  
B) redness.  
C) heat.  
D) pain.  
E) All of the answers are correct
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

23
Q

Leslie has a bad sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that
A) the focus of the infection is the lymph nodes.
B) lymph is not flowing through these lymph nodes.
C) the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes.
D) the lymph node is actively producing phagocytes.
E) the lymph node has increased its secretion of thymosin.

A

C) the affected lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes

24
Q 
A sample of John's blood shows a high level of pyrogens. This would indicate that John  
A) is feeling achy.  
B) is producing T lymphocytes.  
C) has a sore throat.  
D) is running a fever.  
E) has swollen lymph nodes.
A

D) is running a fever.

25
Q

The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following, except
A) destruction of target cell plasma membranes.
B) stimulation of inflammation.
C) inhibition of the immune response.
D) opsonization.
E) chemotaxis.

A

C) inhibition of the immune response.

26
Q 
The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells.  
A) NK  
B) plasma  
C) B  
D) helper T  
E) suppressor T
A

A) NK

27
Q 
Defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by  
A) innate immunity.  
B) adaptive immunity.  
C) immunological surveillance.  
D) skin defenses.  
E) fever.
A

B) adaptive immunity.

28
Q 
In an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. These antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. This is an example of  
A) innate immunity.  
B) active immunization.  
C) passive immunization.  
D) natural immunity.  
E) alloimmunity.
A

C) passive immunization.

29
Q
  1. Several cycles of mitosis occur.
  2. Antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage.
  3. Cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection.
  4. T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen.
  5. T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells or T memory cells.
  6. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin and/or lymphotoxin.
The correct sequence for these steps is  
A) 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, 2.  
B) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6.  
C) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6.  
D) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6.  
E) 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 2.
A

B) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6.

30
Q

Which of the following statements about MHC proteins is not true?
A) bind complement
B) allow the body to differentiate its own cells from foreign cells
C) function in antigen presentation
D) fall into two major classes
E) are found on all nucleated cells

A

A) bind complement

31
Q 
When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cell.  
A) B  
B) plasma  
C) helper T  
D) cytotoxic T  
E) NK
A

D) cytotoxic T

32
Q

Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?
A) all body cells with a nucleus
B) red blood cells
C) granulocytes and microphages
D) lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
E) liver cells and macrophages in the spleen

A

D) lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

33
Q 
When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cell.  
A) plasma  
B) helper T  
C) NK  
D) suppressor T  
E) cytotoxic T
A

B) helper T

34
Q

T cells and B cells can be activated only by
A) pathogens.
B) interleukins, interferons, and colony-stimulating factors.
C) cells infected with viruses, bacteria, or cancer cells.
D) exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.
E) disease-causing agents.

A

D) exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane.

35
Q

The binding of an antibody to an antigen can result in
A) neutralization of the antigen.
B) agglutination or precipitation.
C) complement activation and opsonization.
D) inflammation.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

36
Q 
The role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to  
A) activate T cells.
B) display antigen fragments. 
C) process antigens.  
D) bind antigens to glycoproteins. 
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

37
Q 
B cells are primarily activated by the activities of  
A) antigens.  
B) antibodies.  
C) helper T cells.  
D) macrophages.  
E) plasma cells.
A

C) helper T cells.

38
Q

When c3 is cleaved to c3a and c3b…. what specific function does c3b have?
A) Recruitment of inflammatory cells
B) Bound to surface components of pathogen
C) Complement activation
D) Perforation of pathogen cell membrane

A

B) Bound to surface components of pathogen

39
Q 
'The pathogen surface creates a local environment which can be conducive to complement activation'. Which branch of the complement system is this?
A) Classical
B) Mannose-Lectin Binding
C) Alternative
D) Traditional
A

C) Alternative

40
Q 
A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced when she takes an antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte? 
A) basophils 
B) neutrophils 
C) monocytes 
D) natural killer cells
A

A) basophils

41
Q 
The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) sensitization 
B) coagulation 
C) agglutination 
D) hemolysis
A

C) agglutination

42
Q 
Humoral immunity is mediated by:
A) B cells
B) Macrophages 
C) Phagocytes
D) A and B
A

A) B cells

43
Q

A foreign macromolecule that binds selectively to an antibody is called

A) stem cell
B) antigen
C) antibody
D) lymph

A

B) antigen

Integrated Human Physiology (5 decks)

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