Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

0
Q

What does non-specific immunity do?

A

prevents entry of microbes into the body or remove foreign material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are the two types of immunity?

A
  • non specific aka innate immunity

- specific resistance immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different components of innate immunity?

A

1) Physical Barriers
2) Mechanical Barriers
3) Chemical Barriers
4) Normal Flora
5) Phagocytes
6) Inflammation
7) Fever
4) Natural killer Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the physical barriers of immunity?

A

skin and mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the chemical barriers of non-specific immunity?

A
  • gastric acid, lysozyme (in saliva + tears)

- interferons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interferons are produced by what? What do they do?

A

product of virus infected cells which trigger mechanisms in nearby uninfected cells that prevent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some mechanical barriers in non-specific immunity?

A

flow of tears, sweat, mucus; cilia beating; coughing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the normal flora do?

A

outcompete newcomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of phagocytes?

A
  • macrophages and neutrophils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Macrophages are active in what type of infection?

A

chronic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neutrophils are active in what type of infection?

A

short term infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does inflammation have to do in non-specific immunity?

A
  • the local tissue damage release chemicals such as histamine from mast cells which causes:
    - vasodilation = swelling, heat, redness and pain which causes loss of function
    - attracts neutrophils (within 1 hour) and then macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are mast cells found?

A

in CT; similar to basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the significance of fever in non-specific immunity?

A
  • the immune cells and microbe chemicals trigger release of prostaglandins in hypothalamus which increases immunity.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What decreases prostaglandin synthesis?

A
  • aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What happens when production of prostaglandin decreases?

A

Fever decreases

16
Q

What do natural killer cells do?

A
  • kill cells they do not recognize
17
Q

What do specific resistance immunity target?

A

specific pathogens

18
Q

What is specific resistance immunity?

A

production of specific lymphocyte or antibody against a recognized antigen.

19
Q

what are antigens?

A
  • proteins/polysaccharides that are recognized as foreign by the immune system
20
Q

Antigens are usually from?

A
  • bacteria, viruses, pollen, transplant, parasites
21
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Plasma protein (Y globulin) that matches a specific antigen

22
Q

What produces Antibodies?

A

plasma cells

23
Q

Typically what happens in an immune response?

A
  • the phagocytes (eg. macrophage) eats invaders and exposes parts of its antigen on its surface
  • the T Helper cells then binds and proliferate which release chemicals that trigger either cell mediated immunity OR humoral (antibody mediated) immunity
  • memory B/T cells are also produced which are long lived and this allows a rapid response on next encounter with the same antigen
24
Q

What happens in cell mediated immunity?

A
  • an immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather the activation of phagocytes, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and release of various cytokines
25
Q

What happens in a cell mediated immunity?

A
  • the Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are activated (due to T helper cell proliferation) and proliferate which directly destroy cells containing viruses; cells altered by cancer; or transplant cells
26
Q

what happens in a humoral (cell mediated) immunity?

A
  • the B cells are activated (due to T Helper cell proliferation) and convert to plasma cells which create antibodies
27
Q

What are the different types of Humoral Immunity?

A

Active and passive immunity

28
Q

What is an Active Humoral Immunity?

A
  • when body makes antibody, memory B cells after exposure to disease org = natural or injection with killed/inactivated disease org(vaccination, artificial)
29
Q

What is a Passive Humoral Immunity?

A
  • it lasts weeks as long as antibody is present
  • can be natural: mother via fetus across placenta and milk can pass immunity
  • can be artificial: artificially produced Antibodies (from person, animal, monoclonal). They are injected for tetanus, rabies, snake bite antivenins, Rh factor. They mop up the antigen before it can even trigger an immune response

Physiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions