Cell Physiology 2

Question 0

metabolism is?

Answer 0

the chemical processes in the body performed by cells

Question 1

What is the living building blocks of the body?

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

Define anabolism?

Answer 2

synthesis or building of molecules

Question 3

what is the breaking down of molecules called?

Answer 3

catabolism

Question 4

proteins cannot be enzymes or structural. True or False

Answer 4

False

Question 5

The two processes involved in protein synthesis is?

Answer 5

DNA translation and DNA transcription

Question 6

In DNA transcription, what happens?

Answer 6

DNA produces RNA by uncoiling and exposing its bases. RNA is formed by using the DNA template strand and adding its complementary RNA nucleotides.

Question 7

What happens in DNA translation?

Answer 7

• mRNA produces proteins
• mRNA binds with ribosomes.
• 3 bases called base triplet or codon is read
• each codon codes for an amino acids (amino acids can code for more than one codon)
• the tRNA brings aa and complementary anticodon to the mRNA codon.
• as a result amino acids are bonded by peptide bonds to make peptide chains

Question 8

What happens with the proteins produced on free ribosomes after translation?

Answer 8

• they are released to cytosol, nucleus or mitochondria

Question 9

What happens with the proteins produced by the RER after translation?

Answer 9

• released into ER lumen
• where they are modified by adding sugar such as glycoprotein
• then they are sent to the golgi complex in vesicles

Question 10

What does the Golgi Complex do with proteins?

Answer 10

• it further modifies the protein by changing or adding carbs (these act as addresses to send the proteins to the right destination)
• they then package the modified proteins in vesicles and send them to the cell membrane, lysosome or secretion

Question 11

What is the lysosome?

Answer 11

its a membrane bounded organelle with digestive enzyme

Question 12

do lysosomes hold an acidic environment? Explain why.

Answer 12

Yes because they contain digestive enzymes

Question 13

What do enzymes do?

Answer 13

• they increase the reaction rate

Question 14

Enzymes name end with?

Answer 14

ase

Question 15

Are enzymes used up in a reaction?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

Enzymes are not specific. True or False

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Give an example of a reaction with the addition of enzymes that can go in both directions.

Answer 17

Co2 + H2O H2CO3
(substrate) carbonic anhydrase
(enzyme)

Question 18

ATP is composed of what?

Answer 18

• adenine + ribosome = adenine

- 3 phosphates = triphosphate

Question 19

Where is the energy stored in an ATP?

Answer 19

• phosphate bond

Question 20

Explain the catabolism of ATP?

Answer 20

• ATP is always being made because little ATP is stored
• ATP is broken down to ADP because the release of one phosphate from the molecule releases energy
• the energy is used for protein synthesis, active membrane transport, muscle contractions etc.

Question 21

What does cellular respiration make?

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

______ is used to make ATP.

Answer 22

glucose

Question 23

how does glucose enter the cell?

Answer 23

facilitated transport

Question 24

glucose can be increased by _____ in some cells.

Answer 24

insulin

Question 25

for one glucose used in cellular respiration, how many ATP is made?

Answer 25

32

Question 26

in simplistic form, what happens in cellular respiration?

Answer 26

glycolysis (anaerobic = oxygen is not required) in cytosol –> glucose enters mitochondria (reaction becomes aerobic = need oxygen) –> Krebb’s cycle –> Electron Transport Chain

Question 27

In cellular respiration, what do proteins do?

Answer 27

• amino acids can be converted to pyruvic acid or enter krebs cycle.
• depending on body’s need many form new glucose (kidney and liver) or ATP in most cells

Question 28

In cellular respiration, what do fats do?

Answer 28

• they are the primary storage form of energy in the body (triglyceride)
• they can be broken down to become acetyl coA which later produces ATP