Immunity Flashcards
All the chemical mediators are vasodilators except..
Serotonin
The immunoglobulin directly related to allergy is..
IgE
The most abundant cell in blood film during allergy is..
Eosinophils
The most predominant cell from the granulocytes is..
Neutrophils
Eosinophils are released in 2 situations;
Allergy
Parasitic infestation
The most predominant cells of acute inflammation are..
Neutrophils
The Agranulocytes are
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
The adaptive immunity is divided into…,…
Cell mediated immunity (T-cells)
Humoral immunity (B-cells)
The largest Immunoglobulin is..
IgM
During an infection the 1st immunoglobulin to be released is the.. and the 2nd is..
IgM
IgG
The most frequent immunoglobulin is the..
IgG
The immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta..
IgG
The sequence of class switching is..
MD—-GAE (مدد جاي)
Which class of HLA is present of uncleared cells?
Class 1
Which class of HLA is present on the B & T lymphocytes?
Class 2 (DR, DP, DQ)
The HLA classes responsible for graft rejection are..
DR—-DP—-B—-C—-A
(Dr. Deep BCA)
Mention the 4 types of hypersensitivity
(ACID, E GM GM T)
1-Anaphylactic
2-Cytotoxic
3-Immune complex
4-Delayed T-cell mediated
What’s is the mechanism of anaphylaxis?
On reexposure to the antigen, the IgE causes release of chemical mediators like histamine
What’s is the mechanism of type 2 hypersensitivity (cytotoxic)?
The antigen is part of the cell membrane and this activated the IgM and IgG to cause cell lysis
What is the mechanism of type 3 hypersensitivity (Immune complex)?
The antibodies IgG and IgM reacts with the antigen producing immune complex which deposits in the basement membrane of the tissue.
What is the mechanism of type 4 hypersensitivity (Delayed T-cell mediated)?
The T-lymphocytes are sensitized and produce lymphokine’s that causes tissue necrosis.
What’s is the onset of the 4 types of hypersensitivity?
Type1: minutes
Type2: hours
Type3: hours
Type4: 2-3 days
Mention examples for type 1 hypersensitivity.
Asthma
Hay fever
Drug allergy
Pollens and food
Rubber catheter
Mention examples for type 2 hypersensitivity.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Immune thrombocytopenia perpura (ITP)
Mention examples for type 3 hypersensitivity.
SLA, RA
Glomerulonephritis
Aspriglleus
Mention examples for type 4 hypersensitivity.
Graft rejection
Contact dermatitis
Latex allergy
Tuberculin test
Mention examples for type 5 hypersensitivity. (Autoimmune)
Grave’s disease
Myasthenia gravis disease
Mention some examples of autoimmune diseases.
-Endocrine diseases: hashimoto thyroiditis and Addison disease.
-Inflammatory bowl disease: UC and Chron’s disease.
-Collagen disease: Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
-Auto immune hepatitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
The defect in osteogenesis imperfects is in.. and in the Ehlers danlos is in..
Collagen type 1, Collagen type 1 and 3
The clinical picture of osteogenesis imperfecta is..
Irregular patches of ossification on x-ray + multiple fractures in children
In Marhan’s syndrome there is deficiency in..
Fibrillin-1 due to mutation in a gene present on chromosome 15
What is the clinical picture of Marhan’s syndrome?
MARFAn’S
-Mitral valve prolapses
-Aortic aneurysm, dissection
-Retinal detachment
-Fibrillin-1 deficiency
-Arachnodactyly and pectins excavatum, tall thin man.
-Subluxation of the lens
What is the clinical picture of the acute phase of AIDS
Lymphadenopathy
Fever
Rash
What’s are the manifestations of AIDS?
-Opportunistic infections as candida
-Generalized lymphadenopathy due to (Follicular hyperplasia)
-Kaposi sarcoma
-White hairy leukoplakia
What’s is the marker of detection of AIDS by ELISA?
P24 antigen
What are the causes of massive splenomegaly?
(GMC)
-Gaucher disease
-Malaria, myelofibrosis
-Chronic myeloid leukemia, kala azar
What’s are the characters of felty syndrome?
-Rheumatoid disease
-Neutropenia
-Splenomegaly
What are the cause of hyposplenism?
Celiac disease
Amyloidosis
What are the causes of splenic rutile without trauma?
EBV
What’s are the causes of splenic atrophy?
Sickle cell anemia
What’s is the clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis (IMN)?
Caused by EBV;
-Generalized lymphadenopathy
-Hepatospleenomegaly
-flu like symptoms
-15-20 years
The most sensitive and specific cells in blood picture post splenectomy are;
Howell jolly bodies
Pappenheimer cells
Target cells
Concentrated RBCs
The 1st blood component to increase after splenectomy is..
Platelets
Mention the capsulated organisms that cause the OPSI (Over whelming post splenectomy sepsis)
(Even some super killers have pretty nice big capsule)
-E.Coli
-Strept-pneumniae (pneumococci)
-Salmonella
-Klabsiella
-H.Influenza
-Pseudomonas
-Neisseria meningitis
-Bacteriod
-Cryptococcus
What are the vaccines taken before or after splenectomy?
And the doses?
(NHS)
Neisseria meningitis
H.influenza
Strept-pneumniae
-The initial dose for all is 2 weeks before or after splenectomy.
-Booster doses (respectively);
1 month
1 year
5 years
