Growth Disturbance

Question 1

Failure of development of an organ

Answer 1

Agenesis

Question 2

Failure of cell growth after development

Answer 2

Aplasia

Question 3

Developed grown organ but it’s undersized

Answer 3

Hypoplasia

Question 4

Shrinkage of the cell

Answer 4

Atrophy

Question 5

Increased size of the cell

Answer 5

Hypertophy

Question 6

Increased number of the cells

Answer 6

Hyperplasia

Question 7

Reversible transformation of the cell from its type another type to adapt a stressful stimulus

Answer 7

Metaplasia

Question 8

Barret’s esophagus and leukoplakia are examples of:

Answer 8

Metaplasia

Question 9

The presence of a tissue outside its normal site (gastric mucosa in mickel’s diverticulum

Answer 9

Hyteropia

Question 10

Hairy leukoplakia is characteristic for:

Answer 10

AIDS

Question 11

In Barret’s esophagus the epithelium turns from stratified squamous to:

Answer 11

Columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 12

Disordered cell proliferation as colonic polyps (FAB) is

Answer 12

Dysplasia

Question 13

Hyperplastic polyp is an example of hypertophy, Metaplasia, hyperplasia

Answer 13

Hyperplasia

Question 14

All the followings are oncogenes except:
1-sis
2-src
3-APC
4-Ras
5-Erb

Answer 14

APC

Question 15

Genes derived from mutation of naturally present genes are

Answer 15

Oncogenes

Question 16

Genes that prevent proliferation and cause apoptosis of cancer cells.

Answer 16

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 17

What is the adenoma carcinoma sequence of gene mutations

Answer 17

Mutation of Ras and Myc then inactivation of APC and P53

Question 18

Achondroplasia is a autosomal dominant or recessive gene?

Answer 18

Autosomal dominant gene

Question 19

In autosomal recessive genes, COMA refers to;

Answer 19

C: Cystic fibrosis, kartagener syndrome
O: Osteopetrosis
M: MYH associated polyposis
A: Surgery sickle cell Anemia

Question 20

As an irritating, EBV can cause which cancers;

Answer 20

Lymphoma (burkitt’s, Hodgkin)
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 21

HCC might be caused by

Answer 21

HBV, HCV, Aflatoxin

Question 22

HHV 8 and HIV causes which cancer?

Answer 22

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 23

HPV 16,18 causes which cancers?

Answer 23

Sexual cancers (Valval, cervical, penile, anal) + Oropharyngeal carcinoma

Question 24

Mesothelioma is strongly associated with which irritant?

Answer 24

Asbestos

Question 25

Regarding tumor markers: Testicular cancer

Answer 25

AFP, B-HCG

Question 26

Regarding tumor markers: Prostate cancer

Answer 26

PSA

Question 27

Regarding tumor markers: Breast cancer

Answer 27

CA 15-3, CEA

Question 28

Regarding tumor markers: Pancreatic cancer

Answer 28

CA19,9

Question 29

Regarding tumor markers: Melanoma

Answer 29

S100B

Question 30

Regarding tumor markers: carcinoid tumor

Answer 30

Chromogranin A (blood) 5-HIAA (urine)

Question 31

Mention 3 examples of locally malignant tumors

Answer 31

1-Basal cell carcinoma 2-Osteoclastoma 3-Carcinoid tumor

Question 32

Adenocarcinoma arises from…

Answer 32

Columnar glandular epithelium

Question 33

Sarcoma arises from..

Answer 33

Mesenchymal cells

Question 34

Hamartoma is comely seen in..

Answer 34

The lungs

Question 35

Desmond tumor is the benign tumor of..

Answer 35

Myofibroblasts

Question 36

According to the origin of sarcoma, the bone origin gives rise to…

Answer 36

Osteosarcoma Ewing sarcoma Chondrosarcoma

Question 37

According to the origin of sarcoma, the soft tissue gives rise to..

Answer 37

Liposarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Question 38

The most common type of sarcoma is.. and arises from..

Answer 38

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, soft tissue and bone

Question 39

The common site of sarcomas

Answer 39

Extremities (40%)

Question 40

Sarcoma spreads mostly by.. and the commonest site is..

Answer 40

Blood, Lung

Question 41

Regarding the lymphatic spread of Sarcoma (RACE For MS) refers to..

Answer 41

Rhabdomyosarcoma Angiosarcoma Clear cell sarcoma Epithelioid sarcoma Fibrosarcoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Synovial sarcoma

Question 42

Most common type of sarcoma in children is..

Answer 42

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 43

Which is the 2nd most common type of sarcoma?

Answer 43

Liposarcoma

Question 44

Liposarcoma is characterized by 2 R..

Answer 44

Retroperitoneal Radioresistant

Question 45

Criteria that increase the suspicion of sarcoma in any swelling is;

Answer 45

(PDRS) -Painful -Deep or inframuscular -Rapid rate of growth -Size greater than 5cm

Question 46

Treating is drives from which germ lines?

Answer 46

Ecto, endo, meso-derm

Question 47

Types of teratoma are:

Answer 47

Mature (benign) Immature (Malignant) Monodermal

Question 48

What is strums ovarii?

Answer 48

Ovarian teratoma composed of thyroid tissue only

Question 49

The percentage of: Non small cell lung cancer is.. Small cell lung cancer is..

Answer 49

80% 20%

Question 50

Examples of non small cell lung cancer are;

Answer 50

Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Large cell lung cancer

Question 51

The most common type of lung cancer is..

Answer 51

Adenocarcinoma

Question 52

Regarding lung cancers: the squamous cell carcinoma is associated to.. and .. located

Answer 52

Smoking, centrally

Question 53

Small cell lung cancer is characterized by a syndrome called.. and has.. prognosis

Answer 53

Paraneoplastic syndrome, poor

Question 54

Examples of paraneoplastic syndrome is:

Answer 54

PTHrP causing hypercalcemia ACH causing hyponatremia

Question 55

The mesothelioma is the tumor of..

Answer 55

The layer of tissue covering organs most commonly in the lung

Question 56

Mesothelioma is resistant to: -Chemotherapy -radiotherapy -both

Answer 56

Both

Question 57

The Hodgkin lymphoma arises from..

Answer 57

B-lymphocytes

Question 58

The non-Hodgkin lymphoma arises from..

Answer 58

B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes

Question 59

The significant pathological finding in the Hodgkin lymphoma is..

Answer 59

Reed-Sternberg cells

Question 60

Mention the subtypes of Hodgkin lymphoma;

Answer 60

Modular sclerosing Lymphocyte-depleted Classical lymphocyte rich Mixed cellularity Modular lymphocyte predominant (popcorn cells)

Question 61

What is the staging system of lymphoma?

Answer 61

Ann Arbor system

Question 62

Age of Hodgkin… and non-Hodgkin…

Answer 62

Bimodal (15-35 and over 55) With increasing age

Question 63

Examples of b-lymphocytes non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 63

MALT Burkitt’s Post ha shimo to thyroiditis

Question 64

Clinical picture of nasopharyngeal carcinoma m

Answer 64

Cervical lymphadenopathy Otitis media Otalgia Nasal discharge Epistaxis

Question 65

Mention some differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy

Answer 65

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Tuberculosis AIDS

Question 66

Multiple myeloma is the tumor of..

Answer 66

Plasma cells

Question 67

Clinical picture of multiple myeloma

Answer 67

(CRAP) -CA elevation -Renal failure -Anemia (normocytic normochromic) -Bone lesions

Question 68

The.. is found in urine in multiple myeloma

Answer 68

Bence jones proteins

Question 69

Treatment of multiple myeloma is..

Answer 69

Stem cell transplant Chemotherapy