immunity Flashcards

1
Q

what is immunity

A

collective defences of the body that provide resistance to infection or disease

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2
Q

distinguish between the non-specific defences and the specific defences

A

innate immunity: no immune memory
-> responds the same way to all pathogens
adaptive immunity: immune memory
-> targeted specific responses to particular pathogens

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3
Q

what is the first line of defence

A

physical, chemical and biological barriers that have evolved to block pathogens from entering the body
- preventative mechanism

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4
Q

what is the role of physical barriers in the first line of defence?

A

blocking/stopping pathogen entry

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5
Q

what is the role of chemical barriers in the first line of defence?

A

production of harmful substances
- actively harms pathogen= inhibits growth development

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6
Q

what is the role of biological barriers in the first line of defence?

A

helpful bacteria
-> competed with other bacteria

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7
Q

how do plants protect themselves against pathogens?

A

structural and biochemical characteristics
- no distinct immune system

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8
Q

compare the roles of natural killer cells and cytotoxic t cells in response to a virus

4 marks

A
  • signal infected cells to undergo apoptosis
  • nkc= innate immune response
  • = non-specific+ act early in 2nd line of defence
  • Tc= adaptive immune response
  • = specific+ act later in 3rd line of defence
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