Immunity

Question 1

What is immunity?

Answer 1

a physiological process that provides an individual with protection or defense from disease

Question 2

Attributes of Immunity

• normal WBC and differential counts
• negative bacterial and viral cultures
• soft, non-tender lymph nodes
• recognition of self
• recognition of foreign products

Answer 2

normal WBC and differential counts
negative bacterial and viral cultures
soft, non-tender lymph nodes
recognition of self (cancer)
recognition of foreign products (smth not normal and kicks it out)

Question 3

Micronutrients

• Iron
• Zinc
• Copper
• Selenium
• Vitamins

Answer 3

iron
zinc
copper
selenium
vitamins

Question 4

Vitamins include

• C
• D
• A
• E
• B6
• B12
• Folate
• Zinc
• Iron
• Copper
• Selenium

Answer 4

C
D
A
E
B6
B12
Folate
Zinc
Iron
Copper
Selenium

Question 5

What does exercise do for the body?

• increase T cells
• lowers lvls of inflammation
• causes WBC to circulate more rapidly
• greater response to vaccines
• flushes out toxins from the body through, sweat, urine, and respiratory tract

Answer 5

increase T cells
lowers lvls of inflammation
causes WBC to circulate more rapidly
greater response to vaccines
flushes out toxins from the body through, sweat, urine, and respiratory tract

Question 6

In older adults immunization is

• less able to distinguish self from non-self
• macrophages destroy antigens more slowly
• T-cells respond less quickly to antigens
• WBC are fewer -> the body is less able to remember and defend itself
• antibodies become less able to attach to antigens
• decrease in thirst therefore an increase in UTI’s

Answer 6

Less able to distinguish self from non-self
Macrophages destroy antigens more slowly
T-cells respond less quickly to antigens
WBC are fewer -> the body is less able to remember and defend itself
Antibodies become less able to attach to antigens
Decrease in thirst therefore an increase in UTI’s

Question 7

Nursing Interventions Include

• Nutrition
• Hygiene/ Hand hygiene
• Immunization
• Adequate rest and exercise
• Education

Answer 7

Nutrition ( make sure pt has enough)
Hygiene/ hand hygiene
Immunization
Adequate rest and exercise
Education

Question 8

Corticosteroid

Answer 8

stress hormone suppresses the immune system

decreases T cells

Question 9

Unhealthy coping strategies for stress

Answer 9

Drinking
Smoking
Insomnia

Question 10

Malnutrition causes what

Answer 10

infections (frequent and chronic)

micronutrients deficiency affects innate and adaptive immune response

Question 11

Factors Increasing Host Susceptibility to Infection

• Developmental
• Breaks in the first line of defense
• Illness or injury/ chronic disease
• Smoking
• Substance abuse
• Multiple Sex partners
• Environmental factors
• Invasive procedures
• Suppressed immune system/ medications

Answer 11

developmental
breaks in the first line of defense
illness or injury/ chronic disease
smoking
substance abuse
multiple sex partners
environmental factors
invasive procedures (surgery)
suppressed immune system/ environment

Question 12

Inflammation

Answer 12

a non-specific response to something that is harmful to the body (infection, injury, or allergen)

Question 13

Localized signs and symptoms of Inflammation

• redness
• swelling
• heat
• pain
• loss of function

Answer 13

redness
swelling
heat
pain
loss of function

Question 14

SYSTEMIC signs and symptoms of Inflammation

• fever
• increased WBC
• malaise
• anorexia
• nausea/ vomiting
• lymph node tenderness/ enlargement
• organ failure

Answer 14

fever
increased WBC
malaise
anorexia
nausea/ vomiting
lymph node tenderness/ enlargement
organ failure