Immunisation and Prophylaxis Flashcards
What is immunisation?
Creation of immunity against a disease
What is prophylaxis?
Treatment given or taken to prevent disease
Who is immunisation given to?
- Childhood schedule
- Special patient groups
- Occupational
- Travelers
Who is prophylaxis given to?
- Travelers
- Post-exposure
- Surgical
What are the different branches of immunity?
How does the antibody response to infection differ in the primary and secondary response?
Secondary response is much faster
Vaccines can be killed or alive, how does their mechanism of action differ?
- Killed causes production of antibodies, which decreases over time so needs a few doses to produce immunological memory
- Live vaccine replicates to more antibodies are produced and only one dose needed
What is an example of a disease eradicated by a vaccine?
Smallpox
What are the different kinds of vaccines?
Live attenuated
Inactivated (killed)
Detoxified exotoxin
Subunit of micro-organism
What are examples of live attenuated vaccines?
- Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
- BCG
- Varicella-zoster virus
- Yellow fever
- Smallpox
- Typhoid (oral)
- Polio (oral)
- Rotavirus (oral)
What are examples of inactivated (killed) vaccines?
- Polio (in combined vaccine D/T/P/Hib)
- Hepatitis A
- Cholera (oral)
- Rabies
- Japanese encephalitis
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- Influenza
What are examples of detoxified exotoxin vaccines?
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus
What are examples of subunit of microorganism vaccines?
- Pertussis (acellular)
- Haemophilus influenzae type b
- Meningococcus (group C)
- Pneumococcus
- Typhoid
- Anthrax
- Hepatitis B
What is the “6 in 1” vaccine that children get?
Children get a “6 in 1” vaccine, called the infanrix hexa:
- D = purified diphtheria toxoid
- T = purified tetanus toxoid
- aP = purified Bordetella pertussis
- IPV= inactivated polio virus
- Hib= purified component of Haemophilus influenzae b
- HBV= hepatitis B rDNA
What is in the 6 in 1 vaccine that children get?
Children get a “6 in 1” vaccine, called the infanrix hexa:
- D = purified diphtheria toxoid
- T = purified tetanus toxoid
- aP = purified Bordetella pertussis
- IPV= inactivated polio virus
- Hib= purified component of Haemophilus influenzae b
- HBV= hepatitis B rDNA