Immunisation

Question 1

how do vaccines work?

Answer 1

teach the immune system to recognise bacteria and viruses before you encounter them as pathogens allowing the body to fight against it

Question 2

what are the three types of immunologival mechanisms? (immunity)

Answer 2

active

passive

herd

Question 3

define antigen

Answer 3

part of bacteris/virus recognised by the immune system

usually proteins or polysaccharide

Question 4

B cells belong to the _____ immune system

Answer 4

humoral

Question 5

where are B cells produced?

Answer 5

int he bone marrow

Question 6

T cells belong to the ___-______ immune system

Answer 6

cell-mediated

Question 7

where are T cells produced?

Answer 7

in the thymus

Question 8

what are the two forms of passive immunity?

Answer 8

mother to baby via placenta

from person to person

Question 9

placental immunity lasts up to how long?

Answer 9

1 year

Question 10

passive immuntiy works by injection of what?

Answer 10

human immunoglobulin

Question 11

what are the two forms of active immunity?

Answer 11

natural infection

artificial immunisation

Question 12

describe herd immunity

Answer 12

individual protected as sufficient proportion of population vaccinated

Question 13

what are the two types of vaccine?

Answer 13

live virus vaccine

inactivated vaccine

Question 14

describe live vaccines and give some examples

Answer 14

attenuated organism, replicates in host

e.g measles. mups, rubells, rotavirus, flu

Question 15

describe inactivated vaccines and give some examples

Answer 15

suspension of killed organism

e.g pertussis (whooping cough), typhoid

Question 16

what are some contraindications to live vaccine?

Answer 16

confirmed anaphlaxis to previous dose

immunosuppresion

pregnancy

Question 17

which vaccines are contraindicated in those with an egg allergy?

Answer 17

yellow fever

flu

Question 18

at what age do girls recieve the HPV vaccien?

Answer 18

12-13yrs in 2nd yr school

Question 19

diptheria is also known as what

Answer 19

white throat

Question 20

what causes diptheria?

Answer 20

corynebacterium diptheriae

NB covered by the 5in1 vaccine

Question 21

what is covered by the 5 in 1 vaccine?

Answer 21

diptheria, tetanus, polio, pertussis, haemophilus influenzae

Question 22

what causes meningococcal disease?

Answer 22

neisseria meningitidis

Question 23

what are the two age peaks in meningococcal disease?

Answer 23

<5yrs and 15-24yrs

Question 24

define elimination of a disease and give an example?

Answer 24

reduction to zero incidence of specific disease in defined geographical area

e.g neonatal tetanus

Question 25

define eradication of disease and give an example

Answer 25

permanent reduction to zero of worldwide incidence of infection

e.g smallpox

Question 26

define extinction if disease and give an example

Answer 26

infectious agent no longer exists in nature or lab

none exist yet