Immune Sysytem

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

Disease causing agent - such as a bacterium virus, fungus, or protozoan

Question 2

Memory cell

Answer 2

Lymphocyte (B or T cell) that retains a memory of a specific pathogen after an infection is over - provides immunity to the pathogen

Question 3

B cell

Answer 3

Type of lymphocyte that fights infections by forming antibodies

Question 4

T cell

Answer 4

Type of lymphocyte that is involved in cell-mediated immunity in which cells infected with viruses are destroyed

Question 5

Plasma

Answer 5

Golden-yellow fluid part of blood that contains many dissolved substances and blood cells

Question 6

Antibodies

Answer 6

Large Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells that recognize and bind to antigens in a humoral immune response

Question 7

Cilia

Answer 7

Short, hairlike projections, similar to flagella, that allow some cells to move

Question 8

Leukocyte

Answer 8

White blood cells produced by bone marrow to fight infections

Question 9

Mechanical Barriers

Answer 9

Physically block pathogens from entering the body

Question 10

Chemical barrier

Answer 10

Destroy pathogens on the outer body surface at body openings , and on inner body linings

Question 11

Biological Barrier

Answer 11

Biological barriers are living organisms that help protect the body - Harmless bacteria use up food and space so that harmful bacteria cannot grow

Question 12

Immunity

Answer 12

The ability to resist a pathogen due to memory lymphocytes or antibodies to the antigens that the pathogen carries

Question 13

Passive Immunity

Answer 13

Type of immunity to a particular pathogen the results when antibodies are transferred to a person who has never been exposed to the pathogen

Question 14

Acquired immunity

Answer 14

Immunity that may be acquired (injection of antibodies, breast milk etc.)

Question 15

Immunization

Answer 15

Deliberate exposure of a person to a pathogen in order to provoke an immune response and the formation of memory cells specific to that pathogen

Question 16

Phagocytosis

Answer 16

Process in which leukocytes engulf and break down pathogens and debris

Question 17

Lymphatic system

Answer 17

System of the body consisting of organs, vessels, nodes, and lymph that produces lymphocytes and filters pathogens from body fluids

Question 18

Vaccine

Answer 18

Substance containing modified pathogens that does not cause disease but provokes an immune response and results in immunity to the pathogen

Question 19

Lymphocyte

Answer 19

Type of leukocyte that is a key cell in the immune response to a specific pathogen

Question 20

How do the three lines of defense protect the body from pathogens? List the lines and the important characteristics of each

Answer 20

1. Barriers
   - Keeps things from getting into the body
   
   • Chemical, mechanical, biological
2. Inflammation
   - Increases flow of bodily fluids to an infected area - allows body to fight off infection and stop it from spreading
3. Immune response
   - Triggers lymphatic system to make lymphocytes which recognize and destroy particular pathogens - Allows body to remember specific pathogens after the infection is over

Question 21

How do humans get immunity? List two examples and explain

Answer 21

• Passive Immunity: Antibodies are transferred to a person who has not yet been exposed to a pathogen - Mother to infant through blood or milk
• Acquired Immunity: Immunity from exposure to a pathogen - Vaccine etc.

Question 22

How can pathogens be spread and how can we prevent them from spreading?

Answer 22

Pathogens can be spread through direct contact, and things like sneezing or coughing that are airborne - You can prevent them from spreading by washing your hands and covering your mouth when you sneeze or cough

Question 23

What is immunization? How does it help the body create an immunity

Answer 23

• Immunization: Deliberate exposure to a pathogen in order to provoke an immune response and the formation of memory cells to that specific pathogen (ex. Vaccines)
• Vaccination contains weakened or dead version of virus - Allows body to develop antibodies against the specific pathogen resulting in immunity - Does not make you sick