Bacteria And Viruses

Question 1

Bacteriophage

Answer 1

A virus that infects bacteria

Question 2

Nucleoid

Answer 2

Single cellular DNA molecule

Question 3

Retrovirus

Answer 3

Virus made with RNA

Question 4

Provirus

Answer 4

Genetic material of a virus can integrate with the host cell

Question 5

Lysis

Answer 5

Bursting of a cell

Question 6

Phili

Answer 6

Hair like structures to help the bacteria move

Question 7

Conjugation

Answer 7

Bacteria cells transfer all or part of their chromosomes to another bacteria using Phili - causes diversity (sexual reproduction)

Question 8

Binary fission

Answer 8

Copy chromosomes, chromosomes attach to plasma membrane, cell grows, chromosomes separate, splits into two identical cells. Bacteria can rapidly reproduce every 20 minutes - need efficient enviornments to reproduce well. Asexual reproduction

Question 9

Endospore

Answer 9

Tiny structure containing bacterial DNA and small amount of cytoplasm incase in a shell

Question 10

Plasmid

Answer 10

Small amount of gene in a small, circular chromosome (B)

Question 11

Philli

Answer 11

Hair like structures on bacteria to help them move (B)

Question 12

Capsule

Answer 12

Surrounds cell wall (B)

Question 13

Capsid

Answer 13

Outer protein coat of a virus (V)

Question 14

Cell wall

Answer 14

Surrounds plasma membrane, gives cell shape, prevents it from bursting (B)

Question 15

Endospore

Answer 15

Structure containing bacterial DNA and small amount of cytoplasm encased in a shell (B)

Question 16

Plasma membrane

Answer 16

Surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and leaves (B)

Question 17

Nucleoid

Answer 17

Singular, circular DNA molecule (B)

Question 18

Antibiotics (B or V)

Answer 18

Used to fight harmful bacteria - B

Question 19

Yogurt (B or V)

Answer 19

Bacteria used to make foods (like yogurt and cheese etc.) - B

Question 20

Vaccine (B or V)

Answer 20

Filled with weakened or dead virus cells to fight off a virus - V

Question 21

Host cell (B or V)

Answer 21

A cell in which a virus replicates - V

Question 22

Non-living (B or V)

Answer 22

Viruses don’t grow and develop - considered non-living - V

Question 23

Why doesn’t being HIV+ mean you have AIDS

Answer 23

HIV is a hidden virus, once it becomes non-dormant it becomes AIDS

Question 24

What is the potentially harmful outcome of overusing antibiotics? Why is it dangerous?

Answer 24

The bacteria can adapt to them and they can become resistant to the most powerful antibiotics

Question 25

Lytic cycle

Answer 25

1. Virus’ genes take over the host cell and force it to make viruses
2. Virus injects nucleic acid into a cell, makes virus proteins
3. Virus capsid and tail disintegrate, viral nucleic acid takes over and directs production of of new virus proteins and nucleic acid
4. Virus proteins and nucleic acid assemble into new viruses
5. Proteins produced by nucleic acid cause host bacterial cell to burst, destroying cell, new viruses are free to infect other cells

Question 26

Lysogenic Cycle

Answer 26

1. Virus DNA combines with host cell’s DNA to become dormant
2. The host cells replicate virus’ DNA each time
3. Host cell carries on with normal activity
4. Cycle can last for many years
5. Eventually virus is activated and enters lyctic cycle