Immune System & Resistance to Disease Flashcards
Non- Specific (innate) Immunity
Prevent entry of microbes into body or remove foreign material
Physical Barriers
non-specific
ex) skin, mucous membranes
Mechanical Barriers
non-specific
ex) flow of tears, sweat, mucus; cilia beating; coughing
Chemical Barriers
non-specific
ex) gastric acid, lysozyme (in saliva and tears)
ex) interferons= produced by virus infected cells- trigger mechanisms in nearby uninfected cells that prevent infection
Normal Flora
non-specific
outcompete newcomers
Phagocytes
non-specific
macrophages + neutrophils
Inflammation
non-specific
- local tissue damage -> release of chemicals ex) histamine from mast cells (found in CT; similar to basophils)
- Result: vasodilation -> swelling, heat, redness, pain, loss of function
- attracts neutrophils (within 1h) and then macrophages
Fever
non-specific
- immune cell + microbe chemicals trigger release of prostaglandins in hypothalamus, increased temp
- aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen decrease prostaglandins synthesis, decreases fever
Natural Killer Cells
non-specific
Specific Resistance (Immunity)
production of specific lymphocyte or antibody against recognized antigen
Antigen
specific
protein/polysaccharide- recognized as foreign by immune system ex) parts of bacteria, viruses, pollen, parasites, transplants
Antibody
specific
plasma protein - matches a specific antigen - produced by plasma cells
Which cells “eat” invader and display parts of it (Ag) on its surface?
Phagocyte (e.g. macrophage)
Cell Mediated Immunity
TH binds and is activated - proliferates and releases chemicals which activate: Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes - proliferate and directly destroy cells containing viruses, cells altered by cancer or transplanted organs
Humour (Antibody Mediated) Immunity
TH binds and is activated - proliferates and releases chemicals which activate: B cells -> proliferate and convert to plasma cells -> antibody
