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Inflammation > Immune System Overview > Flashcards

Immune System Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Do NK cells come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Lymphoid

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2
Q

Do macrophages come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Myeloid

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3
Q

Do Monocytes come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Myeloid

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4
Q

Do B cells come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Lymphoid

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5
Q

Do Neutrophils come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Myeloid

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6
Q

Do RBC’s come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Myeloid

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7
Q

Do T cells come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Lymphoid

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8
Q

Do Plasma cells come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Lymphoid

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9
Q

Do Eosinophils and basophils come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Myeloid

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10
Q

Do Platelets come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Myeloid

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11
Q

Do dendritic cells come from myeloid or lymphoid lineage?

A

Both!

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12
Q

What is the cardinal sign of inflammation calor?

A

Heat

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13
Q

What is the cardinal sign of inflammation rubor?

A

Redness

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14
Q

What is the cardinal sign of inflammation tumor?

A

Swelling

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15
Q

What is the cardinal sign of inflammation dolor?

A

Pain

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16
Q

What does TLR 1 recognise?

A

Gram positive bacteria

17
Q

What does TLR 2 recognise?

A

Gram positive bacteria

18
Q

What does TLR 3 recognise?

A

Double stranded RNA

19
Q

What does TLR 4 recognise?

A

Gram negative bacteria

20
Q

What does TLR 8 recognise?

A

Double stranded RNA

21
Q

What does TLR 7 recognise?

A

Double stranded RNA

22
Q

What does TLR 9 recognise?

A

Unmethylated DNA

23
Q

What are the main 3 cytokines (acting as pro-inflammatory mediators) released by macrophages?

What do these do?

What are the bonus 2 and what do they do?

A

TNF-alpha
IL1b
IL6

These up-regulate vascular adhesion molecules, vasodilate, increase vascular permeability and induce maturation of dendritic cells

(IL8) - chemotactic agent for neutrophils
(IL12) - helps Th1 response

24
Q

What are the 5 inflammatory cascades?

A

1) complement
2) coagulation
3) bradykinin
4) arachidonic acid
5) free radicals

25
Q

What 4 things does bradykinin do in the inflammatory pathway?

A

1) PAIN!
2) increases vascular permeability
3) causes smooth muscle contraction
4) vasodilates

26
Q

What 2 things does the coagulation cascade do in the inflammatory pathway?

A

1) Increases vascular permeability

2) attracts neutrophils via chemotaxis

27
Q

What part of the arachidonic acid pathway do steroids act on?

What are these therefore good at?

A

Steroids inhibit phospholipids A2, therefore the arachidonic acid pathway can not continue meaning steroids are anti-inflammatory

28
Q

What is the first part of the arachidonic acid pathway?

A

Arachidonic acid is cleaved from membrane phospholipids by the enzyme phospholipase A2 (this may be triggered by tissue/cell damage due to insult or injury)

This allows arachidonic acid to become the substrate for two enzymes and two further pathways

29
Q

What are the two pathways and enzymes that arachidonic acid can take?

A

1) the cyclooxygenase pathway (COX)
2) the lipoxygenase pathway (LOX)

(Enzymes have same names as pathways respectively)

30
Q

What are the 2 products of the cyclooxygenase pathway?

A

1) prostaglandins

2) thromboxane

31
Q

What is the product of the lipoxygenase pathway?

A

Leukotrienes

32
Q

What is the difference between chronic and acute inflammation in terms of exudate?

What about with fibrosis?

A

More exudate in acute inflammation, therefore more oedema

Little or no fibrosis in acute inflammation compared to chronic

33
Q

What is grannulomatous inflammation?

What diseases is this seen in commonly?

A

Focal groups of macrophages working to ‘wall off’ the pathogen to keep it from spreading

TB
Leprosy
Schistosomiasis

34
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is allergy?

A

Type 1

Inflammation (17 decks)

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