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IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY > IMMUNE SYSTEM AND NATURE OF IMMUNITY > Flashcards

IMMUNE SYSTEM AND NATURE OF IMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

It is defined as resistance to disease specifically infectious diseases

A

Immunology

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2
Q

method of scratching the skin and applying pulverized powder from small pox

A

variolation (innoculation)

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3
Q

method of scratching the skin and applying pulverized powder from small pox

A

variolation (inoculation)

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4
Q

live attenuated vaccine was discovered by

A

Luis Pasteur (1880-1881)

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5
Q

virus/ bacteria are weekend through exposure to modifying conditions such as

A

-chemical treatment
-aging
-hot temp
-cold temp
-repeated in vitro passage

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6
Q

vaccinia pertains to

A

cowpox

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7
Q

variola major

A

small pox

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8
Q

variola minor

A

alastrim

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9
Q

it is a form of immunoprophylaxis
-an antigen suspension derived from a pathogen

A

Vaccine

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10
Q

pertains to live pathogen that have been weakened

A

Attenuate

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11
Q

pertains to killed microorganism

A

Inactivated

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12
Q

Bacterial toxins that have been chemically inactivated so the they are not pathogenic

A

Toxoid

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13
Q

Biochemically purified components of a microorganism

A

Purified components

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14
Q

Factors affect the quality of immune response to a vaccine antigen `

A

Age
individual’s immune status
nature of vaccine

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15
Q

small pox vaccination

A

Edward jenner

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16
Q

live attenuated

A

Luis pasteur

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17
Q

cellular immunity through phagocytosis

A

Ellie metchnikoff

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18
Q

Antibody formation theory

A

Paul ehrlich

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19
Q

development of polio vaccine

A

Jonas salk and Albert bruce sabin

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20
Q

Vaccine againts yellow fever

A

walter reed

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21
Q

clonal selection theory

A

Sir Macfarlene Burnet

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22
Q

First monoclonal antibodies

A

George J.F. Kohler

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23
Q

A phenomenon in which exposure to one agent produces protection against another agent is known as

A

cross-immunity

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24
Q

-present at birth
-standardized response for all antigen
-lacks memory
-not specific
-immediate response
-responsible for the first and second defense in the body

A

Natural/ innate immunity

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25
Q

-not present at birth
-diverse response for each antigen
-specific
-slow (3-5) response
-capable of recalling (memory)
-responsible for the third line of defense

A

Acquired/ adaptive immunity

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26
Q

Whate are Mechanical barriers

A

Skin, mucous membrane, cilia, mucus

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27
Q

chemical barrier

A

lysozyme (tears and saliva)

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28
Q

Biological Mucosa

A

Skin, mucous membrane
normal flora

29
Q

primary inflammatory response

A

vasodilation

30
Q

the process by which cells are capable of moving from the circulating blood to the tissues squeezing through the wall of a blood vessel

A

diapedesis/ white blood cell extravasation

31
Q

resolution and repair is initiated by

A

Fibroblast proliferation

32
Q

what are the cardinal signs of inflammation

A

-rubor=redness
-dolor=pain
-calor= heat
-tumor= swelling

33
Q

it is loss or diminished function

A

functio laesa

34
Q

natural exposure , infection

A

active natural

35
Q

vaccination

A

Active artifcial

36
Q

mother to fetus

A

Passive natural

37
Q

injection of artificial serum/antibody coming form other sources such as animal

A

Passive artificial

38
Q

-long term immunity
-slow response
-immune system is challebge

39
Q

-short term immunity but immediate response
-antibody is readily available
-immune system is not challenge

40
Q

key cell involve in the adaptive immune response

A

lymphocyte

41
Q

T cells exposed to antigen

A

Activated T cells

42
Q

Receptor of IL 2

43
Q

it produces cytokines/lymphokines

A

Sensitized T cells

44
Q

gene coding for the MHC molecules in humans are found on the short arm of

A

chromosome 6

45
Q

MHC molecules are produced/ synthesized in the

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

46
Q

fragment of antigen binding

47
Q

fragments of crystallizable

48
Q

the carboxy terminal end of each chain contains the

A

constant region

49
Q

the amino terminal end of each chain contains the

A

variable region

50
Q

an immortal cell capable of producing indefinite sequence of nucleotides

51
Q

surfactant used in Hybridoma

A

PEG (polyethylene glycol)

52
Q

order of discovery for complement system

A

C 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

53
Q

order of activation in complement system

A

C 1,4,2,3,5,6,7,8,9

54
Q

Act as powerful opsonin

55
Q

Act as chemotaxin

56
Q

Acts a anaphylatoxin

A

c3a, c4a,c5a

57
Q

C3 convertase for classical and lectin

58
Q

C3 convertase for alternative pathway

59
Q

C5 convertase for classical and lectin

60
Q

C3 convertase for alternative pathway

61
Q

key determinant in all pathway and the most concentrated complement component

62
Q

most common deficiency of complement components

A

C2 (lupus-like syndrome; recurrent infections, atherosclerosis

63
Q

Most severe deficiency of complement components

A

C3 (severe recurrent infection, glomerulonephritis (S.pyogenes infection)

64
Q

defined as Heightened state of immune responsiveness

A

Hypersensitivity reaction

65
Q

no antibody is detectable

66
Q

the antibody titer increases logarithmically

67
Q

the antibody stabilizes

A

plateau phase

68
Q

the antibody catabolizes

A

decline phase

IMMUNOLOGY AND SEROLOGY (3 decks)

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