HYPERSENSITIVTY Flashcards
it is an exaggerated response to a harmless antigen that results in injury t the tissue, disease, or even death
Hypersensitivity reaction
antigens that triggers type 1 hypersensitivity
Allergen
type of hypersensitivity reaction that has complement involvement
Type 2 and type 3
t/f
Type 1 hypersensitivity requires 2 exposures to the allergen
true
examples of type 1 hypersensitivty
examples for type 2 hypersensitivity
examples for type 3 hypersensitivity
dengue
farmers lungs
—-
characterized by severe itching, erythema, caused by localized vasodilation, leakage of fluid into the surrounding area, and a spreading area of reddness
Urticaria/ hives
“panting” or breathlessness” caused by inhalation of small particles such as pollen, dust, or fumes
asthma
laboratory testing for type 1 hypersensitivity
-in vivo skin test
>cutaneous and intradermal
-in vitro test
>rist
>rast
a competitive RIA test for Total IgE
Rist (radio immunosorbent test)
a non-competitive RIA test for specific IgE
RAST (radio allergosorbent test)
test for type II hypersensitivity
DAT
IAT
examples of B cell deficiency
-transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
-selective IgA = most common immunodeficiency
-burtons x-linked
-hyper Igm
-Hyper IgE
-isolated IgG subclass deficiency
Immunodeficiency relating to T cells
-DiGeorge syndrome
-purine neucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
Immunodeficiencies of combined B and T cells
-severe combined immunodeficiency
-bare lymphocyte
-x linked-scid
-adenosine deaminase
-wiskot-aldrich
-ataxia telangeictasia
immunodeficiencies of phagocytic function
-CGD
-chediak- higashi
-leukocyte adhesion
absence of BTK gene (burton’s tyrosine kinase
-immature B cells will not mature because of lack of enzyme
Burton’s X-linked agammaglobulinemia
-failure of mature B cells to become plasma cells
-decrease IgA and IgG
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
(CVI)
-failure of B cells to produce antibodies due to delayed maturation of thymus
-aslo referred to ad Pediatric hypogammaglobulinemia
Transient Hypoagammaglobulinemia
CD40 present on the surface of B cells will react with CD40 ligand on T helper cells to initiate class switching of IgM to IgG
IgM- IgG switching
Increase levels of IgM
-absence of CD40 ligand on T helper Cell
X-linked Hyper IgM syndrome
impaired IL-2 production
-hyperactive Th2
-prone to allergic reaction
Hyper IgE
-most common primary immunodeficiency
-failure of B cell to become IgA-producing plasma cells
IgA deficiency
-Person lacking a specific IgG subclass
-vulnerable to certain kinds of infection
Isolated IgG subclass deficiency
a developmental abnormality of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches that affects thymic development
-absence of chromosome 22q
DiGeorge Synrome/anomaly
-accumulation of deoxyguanosine triphosphate which is toxic to immature T lymphocytes in the thymus
Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
Abnormality in integral membrane (CD43); gene responsible for defect
TRIAD of WAS
-eczema
-thrombocytopenia
-immunodeficiency
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
-aka louis-bar syndrome is a neurodegenerative inherited disorder
-absence of ATS gene which codes for ATM protein
Ataxia- Telangiectasia Syndrome
Absence of NADPH oxidase
Chronic granulomatous Disease
Absence of LYST gene (lysosomal trafficking) which codes for LYST protein
-albinism: transport of melanin to melanocytes fail
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
HLA associate with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
HLA-DR2
HLA- DR3
HLA associate with Rheumatoid Arthritis
HLA-DR1
HLA-DR4
HLA associate with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
HLA-DR4
HLA- DR5
