Immune System Flashcards
1 lymphoid tissues
thymus gland and bone marrow
2 lymphoid tissues
encapsulated- spleen and lymphoids
unencapsulated
encapsulated
spleen-removes damaged red blood cells (phagocytosis)
lymphodes- contains immune cells to trap pathogens
unendcapsulated
collections of immune cells in various tissues
includes tonsils, gut associated lymphoid tissues, peyers patches
immune system functions
protection from pathogens
removal of dead or damaged tissue
recognition and removal abnormal cells
microbes
include bacteria, viruses, fungi, one celled protozoans
foreign substances
molecules or cells not of the body potentially can elicit an immune response
innate immunity
present before pathogenic invasion, effective before birth; non specific
recognition of traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens using a small set of receptors
rapid resonse
adaptive immunity
responds after exposure to pathogen, very specific to pathogen
adaptive immunity
recognition of traits specific to particular pathogens, using a vast array of receptors
slower response
vertebrates only
2 phagocytosis cells
macrophages
neutrophils
macrophages
scavenger of tissues
remove larger particles
most phagocytic
antigen
compound that activities immune response
neutrophils
most abundant white blood cells
release a number of cytokines, involved in inflammatory response.
internal defences
phagocytosis fever production antimicrobrial proteins inflammatory response natural killer cells
antimicrobrial proteins
directly attack pathogens or interfere with their reproduction
inflammatory response
increase temp, attraction of white blood cells and swelling associated with tissue injury or pathogenic infection
histamine
released from mast cells and basophils
increased white blood cells to injury site
opens pores in capillaries
dilates blood vessels increasing blood flow to region
antihistamines
prevent mast cell degranulation or block histamine receptors
cytokines
molecules released from one cell that effect the growth or activity of another cell
attract other immune cells to site
induce fever
natural killer cells
attack virus cells by recognizing certain protein signatures on these cells and triggering apotosis
release perforins ( pore forming proteins)
granzymes (proteases)
acquired immune response
the body recognizes specific foreign substance and selectively reacts to it
B lymphocytes
formed in bone marrow
provide primary and secondary antibody responses
primarily secrete antibodies
recognize intact antigens
T lymphocytes
derived from lymphocytes that have migrated to the thymus gland form the bone marrow
participate in cell mediated immunity
recognize small fragments of antigens bound to MHC molecules
MHC
major histocompatability complex
clonal expansion
selective proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes that occurs the first time the body is exposed to a particular antigen
passive immunity
when a person is given antibodies made by another organism
antivenoms
anit venoms
pre made antibodies against toxin
immunization(vaccination)
injection of non-pathogenic components of a pathogen in order to mound a secondary response later
MAC: membrane attack complex
a series of 5 complement proteins form a pore in the membrane causing a loss of ion distributions
allergy
inflammatory immune system response to a nonpathogenic antigen
anaphylactic shock
massive constriction in bronchioles
dilation of peripheral vessels
drop in blood pressure
self tolerance
lack of response of lymphocytes to cells of the body
autoimmune diseases
body makes antibodies against own cells
through t cell activated b lymphocytes
