Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

1 lymphoid tissues

A

thymus gland and bone marrow

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2
Q

2 lymphoid tissues

A

encapsulated- spleen and lymphoids

unencapsulated

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3
Q

encapsulated

A

spleen-removes damaged red blood cells (phagocytosis)

lymphodes- contains immune cells to trap pathogens

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4
Q

unendcapsulated

A

collections of immune cells in various tissues

includes tonsils, gut associated lymphoid tissues, peyers patches

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5
Q

immune system functions

A

protection from pathogens
removal of dead or damaged tissue
recognition and removal abnormal cells

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6
Q

microbes

A

include bacteria, viruses, fungi, one celled protozoans

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7
Q

foreign substances

A

molecules or cells not of the body potentially can elicit an immune response

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8
Q

innate immunity

A

present before pathogenic invasion, effective before birth; non specific
recognition of traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens using a small set of receptors
rapid resonse

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9
Q

adaptive immunity

A

responds after exposure to pathogen, very specific to pathogen

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10
Q

adaptive immunity

A

recognition of traits specific to particular pathogens, using a vast array of receptors
slower response
vertebrates only

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11
Q

2 phagocytosis cells

A

macrophages

neutrophils

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12
Q

macrophages

A

scavenger of tissues
remove larger particles
most phagocytic

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13
Q

antigen

A

compound that activities immune response

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14
Q

neutrophils

A

most abundant white blood cells

release a number of cytokines, involved in inflammatory response.

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15
Q

internal defences

A
phagocytosis
fever production
antimicrobrial proteins
inflammatory response
natural killer cells
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16
Q

antimicrobrial proteins

A

directly attack pathogens or interfere with their reproduction

17
Q

inflammatory response

A

increase temp, attraction of white blood cells and swelling associated with tissue injury or pathogenic infection

18
Q

histamine

A

released from mast cells and basophils
increased white blood cells to injury site
opens pores in capillaries
dilates blood vessels increasing blood flow to region

19
Q

antihistamines

A

prevent mast cell degranulation or block histamine receptors

20
Q

cytokines

A

molecules released from one cell that effect the growth or activity of another cell
attract other immune cells to site
induce fever

21
Q

natural killer cells

A

attack virus cells by recognizing certain protein signatures on these cells and triggering apotosis
release perforins ( pore forming proteins)
granzymes (proteases)

22
Q

acquired immune response

A

the body recognizes specific foreign substance and selectively reacts to it

23
Q

B lymphocytes

A

formed in bone marrow
provide primary and secondary antibody responses
primarily secrete antibodies
recognize intact antigens

24
Q

T lymphocytes

A

derived from lymphocytes that have migrated to the thymus gland form the bone marrow
participate in cell mediated immunity
recognize small fragments of antigens bound to MHC molecules

25
MHC
major histocompatability complex
26
clonal expansion
selective proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes that occurs the first time the body is exposed to a particular antigen
27
passive immunity
when a person is given antibodies made by another organism | antivenoms
28
anit venoms
pre made antibodies against toxin
29
immunization(vaccination)
injection of non-pathogenic components of a pathogen in order to mound a secondary response later
30
MAC: membrane attack complex
a series of 5 complement proteins form a pore in the membrane causing a loss of ion distributions
31
allergy
inflammatory immune system response to a nonpathogenic antigen
32
anaphylactic shock
massive constriction in bronchioles dilation of peripheral vessels drop in blood pressure
33
self tolerance
lack of response of lymphocytes to cells of the body
34
autoimmune diseases
body makes antibodies against own cells | through t cell activated b lymphocytes