Hearing and Balance

Question 1

stagocyst (invertebrates)

Answer 1

sensory organ that contains ciliated receptor cells that respond to mechanical deformation
gives animal an indication of orientation in space

Question 2

insect hearing

Answer 2

hairs on body that vibrate at different frequencies

tympanic membranes

Question 3

tympanic membrane

Answer 3

air filled chamber. when struck it vibrates activating receptor cells which then signal to the brain

Question 4

mammalian hearing

Answer 4

perception of the energy carried in sound waves

Question 5

pitch and frequency

Answer 5

20-20,000Hz

most acute 1000-3000Hz

Question 6

loudness

Answer 6

measured in decibels (dB)

conversation = 60dB

Question 7

functional parts of the ear

Answer 7

external ear (pinna)
middle ear
inner ear

Question 8

external ear (pinna)

Answer 8

acts as a reflector to capture sound efficiently and focus it toward the ear cannal

Question 9

middle ear

Answer 9

air filled pouch extending form the pharynx, to which is is connected by the eustachian tube
beings at eardrum
contains 3 bones: ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 10

3 bones

Answer 10

ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes

Question 11

order of middle ear

Answer 11

tympanic membrane-malleus-incus-stapes- oval window

Question 12

inner ear

Answer 12

vibrations transmitted from the stapes to the oval window cause fluid movements within the chambers in the cochlea
waves travel through and back to tympanic canal where pressure dissipates. as waves travel the organ of corti vibrate at the same frequency as the incoming sound.

Question 13

Organ of Corti

Answer 13

vibrations cause the basilar membrane to vibrate and this pushes the hair cells against the tectorial membrane causing them to bend.
info is them carried out of the ear from the auditory nerve to the brain.

Question 14

semicircular canals

Answer 14

3 distinct planes to detect angular head movements

Question 15

ampula

Answer 15

contains hair cells (receptor cells)

Question 16

cupula

Answer 16

as the head moves, endolymph moves, pushing on the cupula and bending the hair cells

Question 17

Otolith Organs

Answer 17

sense linear acceleration and head position
contains patch of hair cells called macula
utricle and saccule
calcium carbonate crystals (otoconia) move with head position
in semicircular canals

Question 18

utricle

Answer 18

30,000 hair cells

horizontal movements

Question 19

saccule

Answer 19

16,000 hair cells

vertical movements

Question 20

otoconia

Answer 20

calcium carbonate crystals, move with head position

subject to gravity

Question 21

how are high frequency pitches detected

Answer 21

basilar membrane