Immune System Flashcards
Epitope
Part of the protein that the antibody binds to
Antigen
Any substance that may be specifically bound by components of the immune system (antibody, lymphocytes)
Ability to induce generations of antibodies
Immunogen
An antigen that is capable of inducing humoral (antibody) and/or cell-mediated immune response rather than immunological tolerance.
Only an immunogen can evoke an immune response
Monoclonal antibody
Derived from single B cell
Very specific, no cross reactivity with other epitopes
Mabs are made in vitro from isolated B cells and are more expensive than polyclonal serum
Polyclonal antibody
Derived from different B cell lines, often simply serum
A mixture of antibodies that bind to different epitopes on the same pathogen
Less specific
Less expensive
Nitrocellulose membrane
Highly combustible
0.22 or 0.45 um pore sizes
More fragile
Immobilizes nucleic acids (for southern blots/dna and northern blots/rna) and proteins in western blots and atomic force microscopy
No specific affinity for amino acids
PVDF membrane
Polyvinylidene fluoride
Non reactive thermoplastic
Artificial membrane, .22 or .45 um
Pore size
Resistant to solvents, can be reused, high tensile strengths
Lower protein binding
CD8+ T cell
Killer T Cells
CD4+ T cell
Helper T Crlls
Variable region
Tips of the Y on antibody
Constant region
Stalk of the Y antibody
Direct Detection
Single step detection
Detection agent is conjugated to primary antibody
More expensive
Quicker
Less flexible
No signal amplification
Indirect Detection
Two step
Detection agent is bound to secondary antibody, which is bound to primary antibody
Amplified signal
Can use one secondary antibody got many antibodies
Cheaper
Takes more time
Alkaline Phosphatase
AP enzyme conjugated to antibody
Uses BCIP to stop reaction, turns purple
Red blood cells
Anucleated
