Immune System Flashcards
What are the five steps an immune system takes to fight off pathogens?
- Identify the invaders
- Call for help
- Tag the invaders
- Destroy the invaders
- Remember the invaders
What are the four types of pathogen categories?
Virus, Bacteria, Fungi, and Parasites
What can a virus give you? What are the symptoms?
The flu
Aches, chills, sneezing, coughing
What can bacteria give you? What are the symptoms?
Strep throat
Red, swollen, sore, throat
What can parasites give you? What are the symptoms?
Giardia
Diarrhea
What can fungi give you? What are the symptoms?
Athlete’s foot
Itchy skin
What does a macrophage do?
Devours the invaders and calls the T Cells (puts up the antigen flag)
What do Helper T Cells do?
Call for the B Cells as backup
What do the B Cells do?
Tag the invaders with antibodies so that the K Cells know what to kill
What do antibodies do?
Identify pathogens (they are Y shaped)
What do Killer T Cells/K Cells do?
Devour/Release toxic chemicals to destroy pathogens
What do Cytotoxic T Cells do?
Destroy infected body cells
What do Memory Cells do?
Remember the virus to have a quicker immune response next time (also act as a guard)
What do antigens do?
Identify foreign particles in the body and cells which have become infected
Why are there diseases like chicken pox and mono which we catch once and then are considered immune?
Because the immune system (Memory Cells) remember it and your body knows how to destroy it the next time you get it
How big are viruses?
20 to 250 nm long
How big are bacteria?
About 1000 nm long
Do viruses need to be inside or outside a living cell to grow? What are they called if they are outside a cell?
Inside
Dormant
Are bacteria able to live on their own?
Yes
How do viruses reproduce? How do bacteria reproduce?
Inside a living cell
Independently/Without another organism
How many parts do viruses have? What are they?
2-3
Genes, Protein Coat to protect the genes, Lipid Envelope
What kind of parts do bacteria have?
The common parts found in a cell (cell membrane, nucleus etc)
What poisonous substances are released by some bacteria?
Toxins
What is the first line of defense against pathogens in our body? What are the second lines?
Our skin
Mucus Membranes, Tears, Gastric Juice, Cilia
What structures in the immune system are found in your blood?
White blood cells
What is another name for macrophage?
Phagocyte
What is the clear liquid that circulates the body in the vessels of the lymphatic system?
Lymph
Where do dead pathogens collect before removal from the body?
Lymphnodes
What is another name for B Cells?
Lymphocytes
A __________ is a way to become immune to a disease
Vaccination
A vaccination contains what?
Weakened or dead forms of a pathogen
Salmonella bacteria attack cells in the what?
Digestive tract/system
Tuberculosis bacteria attack cells in the what?
Lungs/respiratory system
Streptococci bacteria attack cells in the what?
Throat
Measles viruses attack what cells?
Skin
Influenza viruses attack what?
Throat/respiratory cells
Any disease-causing agent is called a what?
Pathogen
An example of a pathogenic bacteria is what?
Streptococci
Bacteria can reproduce as quickly as once every what?
20 minutes
Disease causing agents can be found in what?
Food, water and air
Every cell in the body and every pathogen have special markers on them called _______
Antigens
What is another name for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
