Immune System Flashcards
What are the 4 blood tissue components?
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What are the 3 cellular components of blood?
Erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC), Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Where are they all made?
Bone marrow
What is the role of Erythrocytes?
transports O2
What is the role of Leukocytes?
destroy invading mircobes
What is the role of Thrombocytes?
form a plug to stop bleeding (AKA a blood clot)
What is a characteristic of Erythrocytes?
concaved on both sides
What is a characteristic of Leukocytes?
round shape with a distinct center membrane (nucleus)
What is a characteristic of Thrombocytes?
irregular shape
What is on the top, middle and bottom of Hematocrit?
top: Plasma
middle: Buffy Coat
bottom: RBCs
What is the process of blood clotting?
1.Damaged tissues initiates response
2.Release chemicals that attracts platelets
3.Thromboplastin
4.Activates Prothrombin → Thrombin
5.Activates Fibrinogen → Fibrin
What are the blood factors ?
ABO (letter) and RH (pos/neg)
What are Antigens?
protein embedded in rbc plasma membrane
What are Antibodies?
chemicals produced by wbc in response to foreign antigens
What is Agglutination?
clumping of rbc
What are three disorders of the blood?
anemia, leukemia, hemophilia
What is Anemia?
low levels of healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body
What is Leukemia?
cancer of the body’s blood-forming tissues
What is Hemophilia?
the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced
What is the bodys first line of defense?
(non- specific barriers): skin, mucous, hairs and cilia, stomach acid and urine, ear wax, tears, sweat, saliva
What is the bodys second line of defense?
(non- specific barriers): macrophages, inflammatory response
What are Macrophages?
chemicals released by the wbc to increase to bodys temp which decreases pathogens survival
What is Inflammation?
Swelling and redness due to increased blood flow to area
What is the bodys third line of denfense?
(specific immune response. provides immunity): b cells, helper t cells, killer t cells, memory t cells, suppressor t cells
What is the role of b cells?
produces antibodies
What is the role of helper t cells?
identify the ‘enemy’
What is the role of killer t cells?
kill the host cell and the other invaders
What is the role of memory t cells?
remember the antigens for that cell incase it comes back
What is the role of suppressor t cells?
stop the bodys immune response when the invaders are killed
What are the four pathways to achieve immunity?
Active natural
active artifical
natural passive
artifical passive
What is active immunity?
when the body needs to make the antibody
What is passive immunity?
when the antibody has been given
How do vaccines work?
Vaccines are a weakened strain of the microbe so it creates the antibodies to fight it so that your body has a better chance fighting the real illness
What are the three disorders of the immune system?
Autoimmune disorder, AIDS/HIV, Allergies
What are AIDS?
acquired immune deficiency disorder
What is HIV?
body attacks its own cells specifically t cells
What is autoimmune disorder?
Bodys immune response attack own body cells or substances
What is Thrombosis?
blood clot
What is Embolism?
A moving clot that moves in the blood until is obstructs a small vessel and block circulation?
How are blood clots inhibited?
smooth lining of the vessels prevent paletes from bursting
fibrin absorbs thrombin preventing spread of thrombin to other areas
heparin (from wbc) interferes with thromboplastin (cannot activate fibrin)
