immune system

Question 1

Define pathogen and give 3 examples

Answer 1

pathogen: a disease causing organism
examples: bacteria, fungi, virus, parasites.

Question 2

describe 3 ways in which pathogens can be transmitted

Answer 2

-exchange of body fluids
-droplets
-contact (direct/ indirect contact)
-contamination
-vectors (animals that carry the pathogen)
-airborne

Question 3

describe the non- specific first line of defense against the entry of pathogens:

Answer 3

physical and chemical barriers that aim to prevent the entry of pathogens:

skin: forms a physical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens
mucous: mucous from nose, eyes, and mouth trap pathogens
tears: flushing action

Question 4

describe the action of a fever in the body:

Answer 4

a fever causes an increase in temp. which slows down pathogens and increases activity of the immune system.

Question 5

identifying things in the food chain:

Answer 5

Autotrophs: produce their own food
Heterotrophs: get energy from eating other organisms.
1st order consumers (primary consumers): directly consume autotrophs (producer)
2nd order consumers: consume primary consumers

Question 6

ways to stop the spread of disease:

Answer 6

vaccination
hand hygiene
social distancing

Question 7

why does the 2nd consumer does not get as much energy from eating the 1st consumer?

Answer 7

energy decreases as the trophic levels increase (mention the 10% in test answer)

Question 8

compensation point:

Answer 8

rate of photosynthesis and respiration in a plant are equal.