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Science > Human biology year 9 > Flashcards

Human biology year 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a reflex

A

-unconscious/ involuntary response
-function is protection
-fast response that involves the spinal cord making decisions

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2
Q

smallest to largest (organization in the human body)

A

1-organelles
2-cells
3-tissues
4-organ
5-system
6-organism
7-population

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3
Q

Importance of cellular respiration as a requirement of life

A
  • maintains constant body temperature in warm blooded organisms by producing heat.
    -provides energy for chemical reactions and breaking down of products
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4
Q

Word equation of cellular respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy

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5
Q

Chemical equation of cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 +6O2 –> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ENERGY (ATP)

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6
Q

Different types of tissues?

A

Muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

-The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions occurring in the body
-Defined as the chemical process that converts food into energy.

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8
Q

catabolic

A

breaking down

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8
Q

Anabolic

A

building up

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9
Q

Enzymes?

A
  • specific to a specific substrate
    -proteins that increase the speed/ rate of a chemical reaction in the body
    -Active site is a specific shape
    -biological catalysts
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10
Q

Lock in key model

A

Proposes that the enzyme acts as a rigid lock that only allows entry of correctly shaped substrate key into its active site to enable a specific chemical reaction

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11
Q

normal temp in body?

A

37

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12
Q

denaturation occurs when:

A

When our body temp goes over 38, the body wont function properly because the enzymes active site changes.

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13
Q

2 parts of the brain:

A

cerebrum, cerebellum

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14
Q

left side of the brain controls:

A

-right side of the brain
-logic

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15
Q

right side of the brain controls:

A

-left side of the brain
-art, creative

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16
Q

CNS

A
  • Brain, spinal cord
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17
Q

PNS

A

-all the neurons and supporting cells of the rest of the body (outside the brain and spinal cord)

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18
Q

-Function of Cerebrum:
~Controls:

A

-initates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature.
~ memory, sight, sound

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19
Q

-Function of Cerebellum:
~Controls:

A

-coordinates movement and balance
~coordination, balance, movement

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20
Q

-Function of Brain- stem:
~Controls:

A

-sends signals from the brain to the rest of the body
~breathing, blood pressure

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21
Q

-Function of Hypothalamus:
~Controls:

A

-keeps your body in a stable state called homeostasis
~heart rate, body temp

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22
Q

-Function of Pituitary gland:
~Controls:

A

-regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction through the hormones that it produces
~production of these hormones is either stimulated or inhibited by chemical messages sent from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.

23
Q

Osmosis:

A

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi- permeable membrane.

24
Q

Diffusion

A

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration, resulting in their random movement.

25
Q

Receptor:

A

detects stimulus

26
Q

sensory neuron:

A

what has just happened

27
Q

spinal cord (CNS):

A

Information is processed

28
Q

motor neuron:

A
  • info about the action
    -what you must do in response
29
Q

effector:

A

carries out action

30
Q

endocrine system:

A

a communication system that uses hormones that are secreted into the blood to maintain homeostasis.

31
Q

hormones?

A

a chemical substance that effects cell metabolism

32
Q

endocrine gland

A

-produces hormones
-secrete hormones

33
Q

exocrine gland

A

releases substances like sweat, saliva, milk

34
Q

Thyroxine:

A

Gland produced: thyroid gland
role in human body: heart & digestive function, metabolism, brain development, bone health, muscle control

35
Q

Adrenalin:

A

Gland produced: adrenal gland
role in human body: makes heart beat faster, and your lungs breathe more efficiently

36
Q

Insulin:

A

Gland produced: Pancreas
role in human body: allows glucose in the blood to enter cells, providing them with the energy to function.

36
Q

Testosterone:

A

Gland produced: testes
role in human body: regulate sex drive, bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength

36
Q

Oestrogen:

A

Gland produced: ovaries
role in human body: puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, bone strength

36
Q

growth hormone:

A

Gland produced: pituitary gland
role in human body: influencing our height, and helping build our bones and muscles

37
Q

Glucagon:

A

Gland produced: pancreas
role in human body: help regulate your blood (sugar) levels

37
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintenance of a constant internal environment at optimum levels despite changes in the internal/ external environment.

37
Q
A
37
Q

Nutrients of the human body

A

-lipids–> turns into fatty acids–> it provides protection+ insulation
-proteins–> turns into amino acids–>it builds cells/ enzymes
-carbohydrates–> turns into glucose–> energy source in cellular respiration

37
Q

insulin —– blood sugar levels

A

decreases

37
Q

TOO COLD

A

-shivering–> increased muscle movements increase heat production
-go blue (vasoconstriction)
-increased metabolic rate –> increased number of reactions in the body –> increase amount of heat produced

37
Q

Glucagon —– blood sugar levels

A

increases

37
Q

TOO HOT

A

-sweat –> evaporates –> uses body heat to change state
-go red–> blood is taking heat to skins surface (vasodilation)
-decrease metabolic rate –> decreased number of reactions in the body –> decreased amount of heat produced

38
Q

wastes of the human body

A

-urea
-carbon dioxide (CO2)
-water (H2O)

39
Q

interneuron

A

-location in the CNS
-Act as a connection between the between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron, and relays info between them.

40
Q

sensory neuron

A

-transmits a stimulus from the PNS to the CNS
-Info about what is happening in your body or environment.

41
Q

Motor neuron

A

-transmits a response from the CNS to the PNS
-info about the response

42
Q

cell body

A

-sends impulses to axon
- (like any other cell) basic unit of the nucleus

43
Q

dendrite

A

receives impulses from other neurons
-sends cell to body

44
Q

axon

A

main part of the neuron, transmits impulse to the axon terminals

44
Q

axon terminals

A

receives impulse and sends neurotransmitters to synapse

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