Human biology year 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a reflex

A

-unconscious/ involuntary response
-function is protection
-fast response that involves the spinal cord making decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

smallest to largest (organization in the human body)

A

1-organelles
2-cells
3-tissues
4-organ
5-system
6-organism
7-population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Importance of cellular respiration as a requirement of life

A
  • maintains constant body temperature in warm blooded organisms by producing heat.
    -provides energy for chemical reactions and breaking down of products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Word equation of cellular respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chemical equation of cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6 +6O2 –> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ENERGY (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Different types of tissues?

A

Muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Metabolism

A

-The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions occurring in the body
-Defined as the chemical process that converts food into energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

catabolic

A

breaking down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anabolic

A

building up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enzymes?

A
  • specific to a specific substrate
    -proteins that increase the speed/ rate of a chemical reaction in the body
    -Active site is a specific shape
    -biological catalysts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lock in key model

A

Proposes that the enzyme acts as a rigid lock that only allows entry of correctly shaped substrate key into its active site to enable a specific chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal temp in body?

A

37

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

denaturation occurs when:

A

When our body temp goes over 38, the body wont function properly because the enzymes active site changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 parts of the brain:

A

cerebrum, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

left side of the brain controls:

A

-right side of the brain
-logic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

right side of the brain controls:

A

-left side of the brain
-art, creative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CNS

A
  • Brain, spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PNS

A

-all the neurons and supporting cells of the rest of the body (outside the brain and spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

-Function of Cerebrum:
~Controls:

A

-initates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature.
~ memory, sight, sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

-Function of Cerebellum:
~Controls:

A

-coordinates movement and balance
~coordination, balance, movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-Function of Brain- stem:
~Controls:

A

-sends signals from the brain to the rest of the body
~breathing, blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-Function of Hypothalamus:
~Controls:

A

-keeps your body in a stable state called homeostasis
~heart rate, body temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

-Function of Pituitary gland:
~Controls:

A

-regulates growth, metabolism, and reproduction through the hormones that it produces
~production of these hormones is either stimulated or inhibited by chemical messages sent from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.

23
Q

Osmosis:

A

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi- permeable membrane.

24
Diffusion
The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration, resulting in their random movement.
25
Receptor:
detects stimulus
26
sensory neuron:
what has just happened
27
spinal cord (CNS):
Information is processed
28
motor neuron:
- info about the action -what you must do in response
29
effector:
carries out action
30
endocrine system:
a communication system that uses hormones that are secreted into the blood to maintain homeostasis.
31
hormones?
a chemical substance that effects cell metabolism
32
endocrine gland
-produces hormones -secrete hormones
33
exocrine gland
releases substances like sweat, saliva, milk
34
Thyroxine:
Gland produced: thyroid gland role in human body: heart & digestive function, metabolism, brain development, bone health, muscle control
35
Adrenalin:
Gland produced: adrenal gland role in human body: makes heart beat faster, and your lungs breathe more efficiently
36
Insulin:
Gland produced: Pancreas role in human body: allows glucose in the blood to enter cells, providing them with the energy to function.
36
Testosterone:
Gland produced: testes role in human body: regulate sex drive, bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength
36
Oestrogen:
Gland produced: ovaries role in human body: puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, bone strength
36
growth hormone:
Gland produced: pituitary gland role in human body: influencing our height, and helping build our bones and muscles
37
Glucagon:
Gland produced: pancreas role in human body: help regulate your blood (sugar) levels
37
Homeostasis
maintenance of a constant internal environment at optimum levels despite changes in the internal/ external environment.
37
37
Nutrients of the human body
-lipids--> turns into fatty acids--> it provides protection+ insulation -proteins--> turns into amino acids-->it builds cells/ enzymes -carbohydrates--> turns into glucose--> energy source in cellular respiration
37
insulin ----- blood sugar levels
decreases
37
TOO COLD
-shivering--> increased muscle movements increase heat production -go blue (vasoconstriction) -increased metabolic rate --> increased number of reactions in the body --> increase amount of heat produced
37
Glucagon ----- blood sugar levels
increases
37
TOO HOT
-sweat --> evaporates --> uses body heat to change state -go red--> blood is taking heat to skins surface (vasodilation) -decrease metabolic rate --> decreased number of reactions in the body --> decreased amount of heat produced
38
wastes of the human body
-urea -carbon dioxide (CO2) -water (H2O)
39
interneuron
-location in the CNS -Act as a connection between the between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron, and relays info between them.
40
sensory neuron
-transmits a stimulus from the PNS to the CNS -Info about what is happening in your body or environment.
41
Motor neuron
-transmits a response from the CNS to the PNS -info about the response
42
cell body
-sends impulses to axon - (like any other cell) basic unit of the nucleus
43
dendrite
receives impulses from other neurons -sends cell to body
44
axon
main part of the neuron, transmits impulse to the axon terminals
44
axon terminals
receives impulse and sends neurotransmitters to synapse