Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology? > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

Tissue structure and function

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are B lymphocytes and role?

Features about them?

A

B-cells are involved in antibody-mediatrd immune response (humoral immunity)

B-cells fight pathogens by making antibodies for their antigens (lock and key)
This marks the pathogen so immune cells can destroy it

Present antigen to helper T-cells
Originate and mature in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are T lymphocytes and role?

Features about them?

A

Mature in thymus after its originate in bone marrow
Involved in cell mediated immunity

Roles
Killing infected host cells
Activiting other immune cells
Producing cytokines
Regulate immune response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is cytokines and where it come from

A

It’s produced by T-cells and it’s a chemical message that activities other immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are cytotoxic T cells and role?

A

Type of T lymphocytes

Kill cells infected by pathogens and tumours
Release cytotoxic granules which kill cells

These require several signals from other cells to activate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are helper t cells and their role?

A

Type of T lymphocytes

Help other immune cells
Activate other immune cells
Release cytokines
Helps b cells produce antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are memory t cells and their role?

A

Jump-start and immune response to and antigen, they detect it so natural killer T cells can protect the body

Natural killer T cells- innate deference against some pathogens

CD4+ plays a role in activation
CD8+ release the granules and kill infected cells
Then they move onto a new target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are natural killer t cells and their role?

A

Kill infected cells and detecting and controlling early signs of cancer

Control several types of tumors and microbial infections limiting their spread and subsequent tissue damage
Often referred to as serial killing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Humoral immunity and what are its features?

A

Meditated by macromolecules found in extracellular body fluids is called humoral immunity e.g plasma

B cells are the main type of cell
Protects against extracellular pathogens and toxins
Antibodies are formed
Does not protect against cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is cell meditated immunity and it’s features?

A 
Identify cells that are affected
Main type of cell is t cells
Intracellular protection
Antibodies are not formed
Protects against cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the lymphatic system role?

A

It gets rid of dead cells and material
Drainage fluids

Transports clean fluid back to the blood

Drains excess fluid from tissues

Remove debris from cells of the body

Produces lymphocytes which protect the body against infections

Filters toxins, bacteria and harmful substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the types of phagocytes?

A

Macrophages

Neutrophils/granulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of macrophages and it’s features?

A

Second line of defence
Detect pathogens and destroys bacteria

Originate from monocytes, produced in the bone marrow

Circulate within almost every tissue patrolling for pathogens or eliminating dead cells

Long lifespan - months to years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of neutrophils/granulocytes and it’s features?

A

First cells to travel to the site of infection
They contain multi lobed nucleus

Ingesting pathogens

Release chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide to kill germs and clean up wounds

Short-lived - die after ingesting bacteria

Dead neutrophils make up a large population of pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the types of immunity

A

Innate
adaptive
passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

You are born with it and it’s general type of protection e.g skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is adaptive immunity?

A

It develops throughout our lives when we are exposed to diseases
Or immunized against them with vaccines

17
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Passive immunity is borrowed from another source and last a short time
E.g antibodies in mother’s breast milk give a baby temporary immunity to diseases

18
Q

What is the first line of defence?

A 
It is physical and chemical barriers
E.g
Skin
 tears
 saliva
 sweat
 mucus 
stomach acid
19
Q

What is the second line of defence?

A

If a pathogen gets passed the first 1 and infection starts cells are phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils)
It reacts to Inflammatory response

20
Q

What are the signs of inflammation?

A 
Redness 
pain 
heat 
swelling 
loss-of-function
21
Q

What is the third line of defence?

A

Instead of being restricted to the site of infection the adaptive immune response occurs throughout the body

Cells are
B lymphocytes
t lymphocytes

22
Q

What is the immune system?

A

The immune system is a complex network of cells and protects the body against infections

23
Q

What is the functions of the immune system

A

To fight pathogens like bacteria and viruses parasites or fungus

To neutralise harmful substances e.g toxins

To fight disease causing changes in the body such as cancer cells

Recognise the difference between normal and foreign and keeps a record of the antigens/pathogens

24
Q

What components make up the immune system

A 
White blood cells 
antibodies 
lymphatic system 
spleen 
liver 
bone marrow 
appendix
Adenoids
Thymus
Peyer's patches
Tonsils
25
Q

What is the function of the thymus gland in the immune system?

A

Produces progenitor cells which become t cells

The t cells will destroy infected or cancerous cells

26
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Filters your blood
Removes damaged red blood cells and stores iron
stores blood and releases it back into the system in an emergency

27
Q

What is the function of the liver

A

Hepatocytes of the liver check blood and remove toxins

Breakdown old and damaged red blood cells

28
Q

What is the function of adenoids?

A

Clusters of the lymphatic tissue in the back of the nose

It creates antibodies
Trap harmful substances
White blood cells circulate through the adenoids and other lymphoid tissue

29
Q

What is a phagosome?

A

A phagosome is similar to lysosome, it is in white blood cells and is a vesicle formed around a microbe with digestive enzyme to break it down.

30
Q

What is the shape of the nucleus in neutrophils?

A

multi-lobed 3 segments

31
Q

What is the shape of the nucleus in macrophages?

A

Horse shoe shaped

32
Q

What is the role of dendritic, also known as lymphocyte cells

A

Secretion of antibodies

Holds the antigen out to show B cells

33
Q

What is the role of monocyte?

A

Monocyte is a special kind of stem cells in a way, they specialise into other types of white blood cells. Via phagocytosis

34
Q

What are the types of agranulocytes?

A

Dendritic

Monocytes

35
Q

What are the types of granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophil
Basophil

36
Q

What does granulocytes mean?

A

A cell that contains granules

37
Q

What does esosinophil cells do?

A

ffsff

Biology? (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions