immune system

Question 1

what is Organs of hematopoiesis and immune protection

Answer 1

1 -Stroma : Rough stroma: Capsule
and intraorganic interlayers (septa), formed by fibrous connective tissue

2- Parenchyma is represented by lymphocytes.

Question 2

explain the types of IMMUNE SYSTEM

Answer 2

1- regulators: bone marrow, and thymus
2- executive immune organs:
1. lymph nodes,
2. Spleen
3. tonsils
4. diffuse lymphatic
nodules,

Question 3

explain the RED BONE MARROW cells ?

Answer 3

it has two type :
1 - Parenchyma: hematopoietic cells at different stages of maturation
2- Stroma: Reticular tissue (reticulocytes, macrophages, pericytes, endothelial cells, osteocytes, adipocytes)

Question 4

function of red bone marrow ?

Answer 4

1. Hemopoetic:
2. Endocrine (synthesis of hormones, neurotransmitters)
3. Immune
4. 1. maturation of T and B lymphocytes,
5. 2. antigen-independent differentiation of T and B lymphocytes

Question 5

what is the sign of thymus ?

Answer 5

Hassal’s body

Question 6

what is maturation of T-lymphocytes in the thymus ?

Answer 6

CD4 - TO CD8- procurers
CD4+ to CD8+ intermedaits
CD4+ to CD8 - T helper cells
CD4- to CD8+ cytolytic T cells

Question 7

THYMUS FUNCTION

Answer 7

1. Hemopoetic
2. Endocrine (synthesis of hormones,
   neurotransmitters)
   3.Immune
   3.1. maturation of T lymphocytes,
   3.2. antigen-dependent differentiation of B and T lymphocytes

Question 8

explain the thymus ageing

Answer 8

thymus with age start to decrease in size start at age of 25

Question 9

zones of red bone marrow

Answer 9

1 periostum :
2endootsal zone :
3 intermediate zone :
4 central zone :

• erythro island
• erythrocyts
• sinsoidal capilary

Question 10

explain the spleen zones ?

Answer 10

1 -  (germinative zone)
2 - mantle layer of lymphoid follicle
3 - marginal layer of lymphoid follicle
4 - periarterial follicle zone 
5- central arteriol zone

Question 11

internal structure of spleen ?

Answer 11

Spleen Hematoxylin eosin staining
1 - lymphoid
follicle (white pulp)
2 - red pulp
 3 - capsule
4 - trabeculae

Question 12

spleen function?

Answer 12

-  Immune
● Hematopoietic
● Endocrine
● Blood depot
● Death of red blood cells

Question 13

LYMPH NODE internal structure ?

Answer 13

1 - cortical substance
2 - paracortical zone
3 - medulla
4 - brain cords
5 - lymphoid follicle of
the cortex
6 - capsule
7 - subcapsular sinus
8 - cortical sinus
9 - cerebral sinus

Question 14

Palatine tonsil internal structure :

Answer 14

1 - lymphoid follicle
2 - diffuse lymphoid tissue 
3 - crypt
 4 - epithelium of the oral mucosa
5  - submucosa of the lining of the oral cavity, forming the tonsil capsule

Question 15

PALATINE TONSIL FUNCTION

Answer 15

1 Hematopoietic
2 Immune
3 Endocrine

Question 16

DF of the immune system ?

Answer 16

its system that consist of group of cells diffuse lymphoid tissue , and organs that monitor body surface and internal fluid compartments

Question 17

types of lymphocytes

Answer 17

they are 3
1 B cells
2 T Cells
3 NK Cells

Question 18

types of supporting cells

Answer 18

1 retcular cells 
2 microphages
3 filicalary dentritc  cells 
4 lungrhance cells 
5 epth elioretcutular cells

Question 19

internal cells of red bone marrow

Answer 19

1 - esonphilic promylocyts
2 neutrophilic promyloctes
3 prorethroblast
4 adipoctyes

Question 20

internal structure of thymus

Answer 20

- at the bigger  picture 
1 cortex 
2 medulla 
3 tubrecle 
- inside  of the medulla 
1- lobule
2- interlobular connective
tissue septa
- inside the lobule 
1 – cortex
2 – medulla
3 – Hassall corpuscles
4 – connective tissue