Immune Response Flashcards
what is the major reaction of innate immunity
inflammation
what are pathogen-associated molecular patterns
microbial structures recognized by receptors that are expressed by phagocytes, dendritic cells & others, shared among similar microbes
what is damage-associated molecular patterns
the substances released from injured & necrotic cells
cells that recognize these harmful molecules
pattern recognition receptors
what does adaptive immunity consist of
A. Humoral immunity; is mediated by Ab produced by B lymphocytes (Bc)
B. Cellular immunity = cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes (Tc
where do lymphocytes develop from
primary lymphoid organs
where do T and B lymphocytes cells develop
Tc → mature in the thymus
Bc →mature in the bone marrow
what are receptors for Bc and Tc
Antibodies
T Cell Receptors (TCR)
what are the secondary lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal lymphoid tissues
what is clone selection
when a specific antigen binds to the lymphocyte, activating the clones of those lymphocytes with the same antigen
Describe the action of
- Naïve lymphocytes
- Effector lymphocytes
- Memory lymphocytes
- express Ag receptors, but have not responded to Ag (no function)
- induced by lymphocyte activation. Perform the function that eliminate microbes
- ; induced during activation. Survive in a functionally silent state even after Ag is eliminated. Respond rapidly upon subsequent encounters with the Ag
what do T-lymphocytes help the B cells do
to produce Ab against protein Ag
Tc cells cannot recognize free circulating antigens but sense peptide fragments displayed by __________________
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Tc can only recognize Ag presented by other cells
what are the types of T cells
(1-2.)CD4 & CD8 are expressed on distinct Tc subsets & act as co-receptors during Tc activation
- CD28 positive Tc- receptor for co-stimulators
- Regulatory Tc- suppress immune response
- Ƴδ Tc- recognize non-protein molecules e.g bacterial lipoglycans
- Natural killer c- express markers of both Tc & natural killer c
what are these T cells called, their function and what do they bind to
a) CD4
B) CD8
a) Helper Tc binding to MHC I, help Bc prod Ab
b) Cytotoxic Tc binding to MHC II, kill infected cell
