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Med 105 > Acute Inflammation > Flashcards

Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

what are the steps of inflammation

A
  • recognition of offending agents
  • Recruitment and activation of leukocytes & plasma proteins
  • Termination of the reaction
  • Repair
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2
Q

what do these cardinal signs mean

a) rubor
b) tumor
c) calor
d) dolor

A

a) redness
b) swelling
c) heat
d) pain

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3
Q

what are the 3 components of inflammation

A

Blood vessels
Leukocytes
Innate immunity

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4
Q

what is sepsis

A

Local vs systemic inflammation

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5
Q

what is acute inflammation characterized by

A

exudation of fluid & plasma proteins=edema and emigration of white blood cells

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6
Q

what is chronic inflammation mainly controlled by

A

adaptive immunity

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7
Q

what is chronic inflammation characterized by

A

Lymphocytes & macrophages
Proliferation of blood vessels
Deposition of connective tissue

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8
Q

where are receptors for ingested microorganisms

A

endosomes

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9
Q

what are the sensors of cell damage

A

presence of uric acid, ATP, decreased intracellular potassium

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10
Q

when does inflammation begin

A

inflammasome forms, production of Interleukin1, recruiting of leukocytes

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11
Q

what is an example of a circulatory protein

A

collectin

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12
Q

what circulatory proteins recognize microorganism sugars

A

mannose-binding lectin

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13
Q

what are the components of acute inflammation

A

o Dilatation of small vessels
o Increased permeability of the microvasculature
o Emigration of WBC to the injury site

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14
Q

what is

a) exudation/exudate
b) transudate
c) edema

A

a) escape of fluid, proteins & blood cells from the vasculature into the interstitial space or to the body cavities
b) fluid with low protein content (mostly albumin), little or no cellular material & low specific gravity
c) excess fluid in interstital tissue or serous cavities, either transudate or exudate

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15
Q

what causes erythema

A

vasodilation/increased blood flow

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16
Q

what is opsonization

A

when microbes are coated with antibodies

17
Q

what are the mechanisms of vascular leakage/increased vascular permeability

A
  • Contraction of endothelial cells
  • Endothelial injury
  • Increased transport of fluids & proteins =transcytosis
18
Q

Contraction of endothelial cells occurs in response to_______

A

mediators like histamine, bradykinin, leukotriens

19
Q

what stimulates transcytosis through the endothelial cells during vascular leakage

A

VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor)

20
Q

what is

a) lymphangitis
b) lympadenitis

A

a) inflammation and infection of the lymphatic system

b) infection of the lymph nodes

21
Q

Changes in blood flow & vascular permeability are quickly followed by _________________

A

an influx of WBC into the tissue

22
Q

what are the most important white blood cells that are capable of phagocytosis

A

neutrophils & macrophages

23
Q

WBC pass from the blood circulation to the tissue by the actions of ___________________

A

adhesion molecules & chemokines

24
Q

describe rolling of white blood cells

A

adhesion to the endothelium takes place, whereby the force of blood flow induces a rotational motion (i.e., rolling) of the leukocyte along the vascular wall

25
Q

migration in the tissue toward ___________

A

chemotactic stimuli

26
Q

describe margination

A

When hemodynamics change or stasis develops more WBC are pushed to the periphery than RBC which are normally at the central axis.

27
Q

what are the major families for WBC adhesion

A

Selectins(play role in rolling of the WBC) & Integrins (are surface proteins of WBC & mediate firm adhesions)

28
Q

where are these selectins expressed

a) L-selectin
b) E-selectin
c) P-selectin

A

WBC
endothelium
endothelium & platelets

29
Q

what regulates expression of selectin on endothelium & platelets

A

cytokines secreted from tissue macrophages, mast c, endothelial c. which are called =chemokines

30
Q

what is the function of Histamine & thrombin

A

stimulate the redistribution of P-selectin from its normal intracellular stores in endothelial c. granules

Med 105 (16 decks)

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