Immune Response

Question 1

Define non-infectious disease

Answer 1

Not caused by pathogens

Cannot be passed on from another organism

Question 2

What are the three main types of non-infectious disease

Answer 2

Inherited- transmitted genetically
Nutritional- insufficient diets
Environmental- exposure to chemicals

Question 3

Define infectious disease

Answer 3

Caused by pathogens
Transmitted from one organism to another
Cellular or non-cellular
eg. coli, influenza

Question 4

Define innate immune system

Answer 4

Non-specific
In all organisms and always working 
Includes physical barriers to prevent entry of pathogens 
1st line of defence- skin, mucous 
2nd line of defence- white blood cells

Question 5

Define acquired immune system

Answer 5

Adaptive/ specific
Distinguishes two types of foreign substances: antigens, self cells
Detected as foreign by lymphocytes

Question 6

What is Major Histocompatability Complexes

Answer 6

All cells have this protein on their outer membrane
All cells have exactly the same MHC on surface
Cells without MHC are not recognised and attacked by immune system

Question 7

Pathogens

Answer 7

Cells without the specific MHC protein

Question 8

Explain the process of a viral infection

Answer 8

1. Attachment to host
2. Infection of DNA into host cell
3. Replication of DNA within host cell
4. Bursting of cell to expel viral particles

Question 9

Define Endemic

Answer 9

A disease that exists permanently in a region or population

Question 10

Define epidemic

Answer 10

An outbreak of disease that attacks many people at about the same time and may spread through one or more communities

Question 11

Define pandemic

Answer 11

When an epidemic spreads throughout the world