immune modulating drugs

Question 1

methotrexate(MTX)

Answer 1

anti-metabolite & anti-folate, immunosuppressant, chemotherapeutic
for CA, AI(RA, psoriasis, PA, SLE, crohn’s), abortifactanat. also for MS but is not fda approved
MOA- anti-metabolite & anti-folate drug. suppresses foalte production which suppresses cell turnover
PO, IM, IV, SQ, IT
SE- nausea, abd pn, fatigue, fever, dizziness, ulcerative stomatitis, low WBC, pneumonitis, rarely pulmonary fibrosis
CAT X

Question 2

azathioprine/imuran

Answer 2

purine anti-metabolite immune-suppressant
for prevention of transplant rejection, IBD, SLE, RA
**MOA- metabolic breakdown products act to inhibit purine synthesis which will block protein synthesis- particularly in cells that have rapid turnover
SE- cells that have rapid cell turnover will be most affected- GI toxicity, hair loss, bone marrow suppression, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,

Question 3

cyclosporine/sandimmune

Answer 3

immunosuppressant derived from soil fungus
for prevention of organ transplant rejection, RA, AI
*MOA-T-cell inhibition. blocks signal to lymphocytes to produce IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, interferon gamma
SE-N/V, diarrhea, loss of appetite, high BP, kidney damage, tremors, HA, seizures, excessive hair& gum growth, confusion, come, gout

Question 4

tracolimus/prograf

Answer 4

**most potent immune suppressive drug we learned

MOA- T-cell inhibition. 100x more potent than cyclosporine

Question 5

DMARDs

Answer 5

disease modifying anti-rheumatism drugs
-slow down dz progression in many different types of AI
-drugs end in -imab(monocolonal AB)
infliximab/remicade

Question 6

hydroxychloroquine/plaquenil

Answer 6

antimalarial & used for RA, SLE, SS, lyme arthritis
-inc lysosomal pH in antigen presenting cells
-blocks activation of toll-like receptors on plasmacytoid dendritic cells(PDCs)
SE-possibility of corneal & macular damage- yearly dialated eye exams are indicated
-pts with G6PD enzyme def can develop a severe anemia and should be closely monitored