Immune memory

Question 1

What is the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity

Answer 1

adaptive is more specific, faster and has memory (can distinguish old antigens)

Question 2

Which is the most specific b cell

Answer 2

memory b cell

Question 3

What is the immune response called against new antigens
What is immune respinse called against antigens already met

Answer 3

primary resposne
secondary response

Question 4

Why is primary immune response slow

Answer 4

Because it starts with very few lymphocytes
Those lymphocytes recognise a specific antigen and must proliferate by mitosis (clonal expansion)

Question 5

What are memory cells

Answer 5

Lymphocyte that has already seen their antigen and is stored ready to use when antigen encountered again

Mainly b cells but can be t cells as well

Question 6

What controls the switching of B cells to memory cells

Answer 6

T helpers and this requires class switch

Question 7

Do we have memory in T independent humoral response

Answer 7

No

Bc class swithc cant occur (has to be IgG)

Question 8

Which antibodies have immunological memory

Answer 8

IgG, IgA, IgE

Question 9

When is somatic hypermutation activated

Answer 9

after class swithc by t cells

Question 10

What is class switch

Answer 10

Process of creating antibody diversity in secondary lymphoid organs

During B cell maturation, IgM is replaced
by another Ig class by site specific
recombination.

Question 11

What is class switch recombination triggered by

Answer 11

t cells outside of geminal centre

Question 12

Where does somatic hyoermutations occur

Answer 12

geminal centers

Question 13

Whta are the steps of B cells maturation/ differentiation in the lymph follicle

Answer 13

1. At the periphery of the follicle the antigen is recognised
2. Th cells stimulate at the periphery
3. If B cells stay at the periphery they DONT undergo class switch, they are differentiated to SHORT LIVED PLASMA CELLS
4. B cells that enter germinative center of follicle undergo class switch and somatic hyermutations - differentiated into LONG LIVED PLASMA CELLS AND MEMORY CELLS

Question 14

What are some characteristics of memory b cells

Answer 14

class switched, hypermutated (to pick best plasma cell) and high affinity antigen receptors, long lived

Question 15

Do long lived and short lived plasma cells divide

Answer 15

NO

They are terminally differentiated B cells

Question 16

long lived vs short lived plasma cells

Answer 16

Short-rapidly produce antibodies, no class switch. Found in the periphery of follicles, proliferating, undergo apoptosis after a few days

Long- several somatic hypermutations and selection for specific antibodies- best memeory cells, non proliferating

Question 17

In the secondary immune response, what can memeory cells do

Answer 17

Differentiate into new effector (plasma) cells

Question 18

What immune response is vaccination based of

Answer 18

Secondary immune response

When we do active immunization, we supply a pathogen or its antigens in a harmless form so that
the immune system can react against it. If the real pathogen comes later, the immune response will
be secondary and often effective enough to prevent the disease altogether.