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Immuno 2 > Immune Diseases > Flashcards

Immune Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Which two immune disorders covered are NOT a type of hypersensitivity?

A

failure of passive transfer
irritable bowel disease

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2
Q

Failure of Passive Transfer occurs due to lack of colostrum, meaning inadequate ____ ingestion after birth.

A

IgG

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3
Q

(T/F) Failure of Passive Transfer occurs in animals such as foals and calves which rely on the mother for maternal antibodies due to endotheliochorial placentation.

A

False - epitheliochorial

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4
Q

What kind of hypersensitivity is Asthma?

A

Type I

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5
Q

The immunological mechanism of Asthma is characterized by a (Th1/Th2/Th17) response which stimulates plasma cells to secrete ______.

A

Th2
IgE

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6
Q

______ release from mast cells leads to the clinical signs of Asthma, such as cough, wheezing, and mucous production.

A

histamine

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7
Q

What two species are most commonly affected by Asthma?

A

cats
horses

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8
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is Neonatal Isoerythrolysis?

A

Type II

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9
Q

Which two species are most commonly affected by Neonatal Isoerythrolysis?

A

foals
kittens

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10
Q

In Neonatal Isoerythrolysis, maternal _____ in the colostrum attacks neonate ______.

A

IgG
RBCs

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11
Q

By what mechanism are neonate RBCs destroyed in Neonatal Isoerythrolysis?

A

Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

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12
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is Feline Leukemia? What kind of virus is responsible?

A

Type III
retrovirus

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13
Q

In Feline Leukemia, a retrovirus uses _________ in the host’s genome to replicate. From there, what two locations in the body does the virus infect?

A

reverse transcriptase
lymphoid tissue & bone marrow

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14
Q

Since Feline Leukemia is a Type III Hypersensitivity, antigen-antibody complexes deposit into lymphoid tissue and bone marrow, which lead to ______ and _____ release, causing systemic immune disease.

A

complement + cytokine

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15
Q

(T/F) Feline Leukemia can be treated with lifelong corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.

A

False - no cure, just supportive treatment

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16
Q

What disease is a Type I Hypersensitivity which attacks the skin, causes pruritis and alopecia in a various of species (dogs, cats, or horses)?

A

Atopy

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17
Q

What two main drugs are used to treat Atopy?

A

glucocorticoids (apoquel + cytopoint)

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18
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is FIP?

A

Type III

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19
Q

What virus mutates differently in every cat, causes Feline Infectious Periontitis?

A

feline coronavirus

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20
Q

In FIP, antigen-antibody complex deposits lead to a systemic immune response which puts the host in a ________ state and causes _________.

A

hypercoagulable
septic peritonitis

21
Q

(T/F) FIP only affects very young cats (<12 months).

A

False - very young or very old

22
Q

What 3 forms of treatment can be used for FIP?

A
  1. corticosteroids
  2. abdominocentesis
  3. inhibit platelet aggregation
23
Q

Immune-Mediated Polyarthropathy is classified by a combination of Type ____ and ____ Hypersensitivity.

A

III + IV

24
Q

What species is primarily affected by IMP?

A

dogs

25
Q

What 3 main treatments are used for Immune-Mediated Polyarthropathy?

A
  1. anti-inflammatories
  2. corticosteroids
  3. joint taps
26
Q

Pemphigus is a Type ___ Hypersensitivity reaction caused by an idiopathic agent.

A

II

27
Q

In Pemphigus ____ autoantibodies attack what structure?

A

IgG
desmoglein

28
Q

List the 2 types of Pemphigus.

A
  1. Pemphigus Foliaceus
  2. Pemphigus Vulgaris
29
Q

Pemphigus Vulgaris is deeper and more severe, caused by attack of ________. Pemphigus Foliaceus is superficial and less severe, caused by attack of ________.

A

desmoglein-3
desmoglein-1

30
Q

What two species are most commonly affected by Pemphigus?

A

dogs & cats

31
Q

What type of hypersensitivity causes Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia?

A

Type II

32
Q

In IMHA, an idiopathic agent causes IgG autoantibodies to attack ______.

A

RBCs

33
Q

What primarily species is IMHA seen in?

A

dogs

34
Q

There are two types of IMHA:

________: complement activation –> MAC lysis of RBCs.

________: macrophage activation –> “bite” chunks of RBCs.

A

intravascular
extravascular

35
Q

What pathognomonic structure is seen in extravascular IMHA which indicates the disease?

A

spherocytes

36
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is Immune Complex Glomerulopathy?

A

Type III

37
Q

Immune Complex Glomerulopathy is caused by antigen-antibody complex deposits in the glomerular capillaries. This leads to what two immunologic processes which cause kidney destruction?

A

complement cascade
frustrated phagocytosis

38
Q

What species are affected by Immune Complex Glomerulopathy?

A

dogs & cats

39
Q

Immunosuppressants, glucocorticoids, and ________ are used to treat Immune Complex Glomerulopathy.

A

ACE inhibitors

40
Q

What disease may be triggered by genetics, mucosal barrier damage, and dysbiosis?

A

IBD

41
Q

Irritable Bowel Disease causes a decreased ___ levels.

A

IgA

42
Q

What two types of T cell lineages are upregulated in IBD? What cell type is downregulated?

A

Th1 & Th17 –> upregulated
T reg cells –> downregulated

43
Q

What species is primarily affected by IBD?

A

dogs

44
Q

Polysystemic Immune-Mediated Disease is caused a combination of Type ____ and _____ Hypersensitivity.

A

II + III

45
Q

In Lupus, Type ___ Hypersensitivity causes autoreactive antibodies to attack RBCs. This leads to what two clinical signs?

A

II
anemia + thrombocytopenia

46
Q

In Lupus, Type ___ Hypersensitivity leads to a loss of tolerance, causing ________ antibodies to attack DNA and form antigen-antibody complexes.

A

III
anti-nuclear

47
Q

What specific type of animal is often affected by Lupus?

A

medium-large dogs

48
Q

Dogs with Polysystemic Immune-Mediated Disease are treated with supportive care, immunosuppressants, and less often, ___________.

A

splenectomy

Immuno 2 (4 decks)

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