Diagnostics

Question 1

________ is a way to identify antibodies in serum.

Answer 1

serology

Question 2

(T/F) Serology only looks at levels of antigen at a single point in time.

Answer 2

False - can single point or multiple points

Question 3

(T/F) You cannot differentiate exposure vs. infection using serology.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the 2 main types of serology tests used?

Answer 4

primary binding assays
secondary binding assays

Question 5

_________ measure antigen-body complexes.

Answer 5

secondary binding assays

Question 6

_________ measure patient antibody using antigen as “bait” to look for a reaction.

Answer 6

primary binding assays

Question 7

List the 2 main examples of primary binding assays.

Answer 7

ELISA
MFI

Question 8

What does ELISA stand for?

Answer 8

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Question 9

What does MFI stand for?

Answer 9

multiplex fluorescent immunoassay

Question 10

What serology test coats a well in antigen, adds antibodies, and measures the amount of binding present based on substrate color?

Answer 10

ELISA

Question 11

MFI is similar to ELISA, except uses _______ in solution with internal dye. Then _______ is used to ID the colored beads.

Answer 11

microbeads; flow cytometry

Question 12

Which is preferred: ELISA or MFI?

Answer 12

MFI (less blood sample needed)

Question 13

(T/F) Secondary Binding Assays are more sensitive than Primary Binding Assays.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

List the 3 main types of Secondary Binding Assays.

Answer 14

1. precipitation reactions
2. agglutination reactions
3. coombs test

Question 15

In precipitation reactions, where do antigen-antibody complexes precipitate?

Answer 15

equivalence zone

Question 16

______ is a region of excess antibody, and therefore, no precipitate forms.

Answer 16

prozone

Question 17

_______ is a region of excess antigen, therefore, no precipitate forms.

Answer 17

post-zone

Question 18

(T/F) In a Secondary Binding Assay Precipitation reaction. you get a cross-linking pattern which causes precipitate to form with the right ratio of antigen to antibody.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Agglutination Reactions are a Secondary Binding Assay which causes agglutination of _______ with antigen-antibody interaction. This is used to diagnose ______.

Answer 19

RBCs
IMHA

Question 20

________ is also known as anti-globulin test.

Answer 20

Coombs test

Question 21

(T/F) A Coombs Test can be done via a direct or indirect method.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The antigen capture ELISA uses a specific antibody as bait looking for antigen. What is an example of this kind of test done in small animal practice?

Answer 22

FeLV SNAP test

Question 23

The FeLV snap test looks for FeLV (antigen/antibody).

Answer 23

antibody

Question 24

If a serology test is highly sensitive, you can trust a (positive/negative) result. However, there is risk of a false (positive/negative).

Answer 24

negative
positive

Question 25

If a serology test is highly specific, you can trust a (positive/negative) result but may have a false (positive/negative).

Answer 25

positive negative

Question 26

Term for the value that indicates the proportion of animals with a positive test that actually have the disease.

Answer 26

positive predictive value (PPV)

Question 27

Term for the value which indicates the proportion of animals with a negative result that DO NOT have the disease.

Answer 27

negative predictive value (NPV)