Immune Cell Receptors

Question 1

what are the five main immune cell receptor families

Answer 1

• antigen receptors
• costimulatory receptors
• inhibitory receptors
• cytokine receptors
• chemokine receptors

Question 2

function of antigen receptors

Answer 2

allows immune cells to sense the presence of infectious microbes, damaged or diseased self cells

Question 3

what are the two main types of antigen receptors

Answer 3

pattern recognition receptors
antigen specific lymphocyte receptors

Question 4

what are the pattern recognition receptors

Answer 4

• NOD like
• toll like
• C type lectin
• rig1like

Question 5

what do pattern recognition receptors recognise

Answer 5

pathogen associated molecular patterns
damage associated molecular patterns

Question 6

what are pathogen associated molecular patterns

Answer 6

molecular signatures found only on microbes like bacterial glycolipids and viral DNA or sugars found in fungal cell walls
microbes need them to survive

Question 7

what are antigen specific lymphocyte receptors

Answer 7

specific receptors on b and t cells

Question 8

describe costimulation

Answer 8

many immune cells require costimulation to confirm a threat and get permission for full activation to carry out effector functions
costimulating is carried out by costimulatory receptors

Question 9

why are there inhibitory receptors

Answer 9

activated immune cells are capable of causing damage to pathogens and host tissue so they need to be controlled through these receptors

Question 10

how do inhibitory receptors work

Answer 10

they have a higher affinity for CD80 than the costimulatory receptors so when there are lower concentrations as the infection decreases, there is less binding to the costimulatory receptors because the inhibitory receptors are binding more
this prevents costimulation and therefore dampens down the immune response

Question 11

what are inhibitory receptors important for

Answer 11

regulating natural killer cell activity because they are not antigen specific and become activated through a balance of activating receptors which bind to PAMPs and DAMPs.

Question 12

describe cytokine receptors

Answer 12

cytokines are produced by cells in infected tissue and dictate which immune cells should be activated based on the damage

Question 13

describe chemokine receptors

Answer 13

g protein coupled receptors. binding of chemokines changes adhesion and motility to help the cell migrate to infected tissues