Immune Flashcards
Immune innate, adaptive, cellular
The innate (nonspecific) defense systems contains what?
Defense
first and second lines of defense
First line of defense: external body membranes
Chart info that needs to be filled in on test
Skin-prevents pathogen from entering body
(low pH, acid mantle, dry membrane)
*mucus, tears, saliva (antimicrobial/fungal)
*hair and cilia
*stomach acid
Second line of defenses
Chart that needs to be filled out on test
*inhibit spread of invaders (Interferons)
*inflammatory response
-(redness and swelling
-increase blood flow
-WBC eat up pathogens (phagocytes) (macrophages))
*histamines signal (mast cells, vasodilation, dendritic cells -> lymph nodes)
Adaptive defenses
Hummoral immunity
* B cells (helper T activates, plasma cells mark for destruction)
Cell mediated immunity
*T cells (cytocytic T cells, regulatory T cells - memory (immunity))
Disease occurs when-
-the bolus of infection is high
-the virulence of the invading organism is great
-immunity is compromised
Keratin
resistant to weak acids and bases, bacterial enzymes, and toxins
Phagocytes
WBCs that ingest and digest foreign invaders
Do granules vary and do they have a tendency to degranulate in blood stream?
yes for both
T or F
Basophils leave the bone marrow already mature
Yes
T or F
Monocytes emerge from bone marrow while still immature
T
Free macrophages
wander through tissue spaces
Fixed macrophages
are permanent residents of some organs
Natural Killer (NK) cells
can kill cancer and virus-infected cells before adaptive immune system is activated
Dendritic cells (DCs)
- Antigen-presenting Cells (APCs)
-critical role in regulation of adaptive immune response
-primary function- capture antigens
-do not respond to specific antigens
-key link between innate & adaptive immunity
Dendritic cells
*Immature (originates where, is it active?)
1.Originates in bone marrow and migrates throughout body
2.lay dormant waiting to interact w/ invading pathogens
Dendritic cells
Once mature what cells does it activate?
T cells
Stages of inflammation
-inflammatory chemical release
-vasodilation & increased vascular permeability
-phagocyte mobilization
Does glucocorticoids suppress most aspects of the inflammatory response?
Yes
Antigen
large, foreign, molecule
What is an activated B cell primary response?
initial contact w/ microbial antigen
What is an activated B cell’s secondary response?
it’s quicker, more potent, and longer lasting
can be induced by disease of vaccination
Acquired Immunity
body’s response to a specific pathogen
Passive acquired immunity
-antibodies are obtained passively
-obtained by break milk or injection of antibodies (can be given by a human or animal)
-more temporary
Active acquired immunity
-your body makes the antibodies
-vaccine exposure to disease (activate B cells)
-last longer
-develops following direct exposure
T lymphocytes cells
-cytotoxic T cells
-helper T cells
-suppressor T cells
B lymphocyte cells
-activated by antigens
-plasma cells converted by antibodies
-immunoglobulins
Cytotoxic T cells
Killer T cells
release chemicals that destroy targeted cells
Adaptive Defenses Characteristics
Specific, systemic, memory
specific-recognizes & targets specific antigens
systemic-not restricted to initial site
memory-mounts an even stronger attack to “known” antigens
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
a group of genes that code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances
Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)
major types
-dendritic cells
-macrophages
-b cells
Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)
Macrophages
-present antigens to T cells
*activate T cells
-activated macrophages becomes phagocytic killer
Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs)
B lymphocytes
-do not activate naive T cells
-present antigens to helper T cell to assist their own activation
