Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Module 3 > Immune > Flashcards

Immune Flashcards

1
Q

STOP INFECTION

A
  1. WAY: WASH YOUR HANDS
    INTACT SKIN IS FIRSTLINE DEFENSE
    Tears, mucous, saliva are 1stline and innate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ANTIGEN

A

-SUBSTANCE THAT CAN ELICIT IMMUNE RESPONSE

-CAN MARK CELLS AS SELF OR NON-SELF

-CAN STIMULATE B LYMPHOCYTES AND CYTOTOXIC RESPONSES

AUTOANTIGENS-ON BODY’S OWN CELLS/ALL OTHERS ARE FOREIGN

INFLAMMATION HAPPENS WHEN NEUTROPHILS, MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES ENCOUNTER ANTIGEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

INNATE IMMUNITY

A

“BORN WITH”

INCLUDE SKIN, CHEMICALS, SOME IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS, TEARS (FIRST-LINE DEFENSES)

NON-SPECIFIC DEFENSES (Protects against all potential pathogens)

IMMEDIATE OR WITHIN HOURS AFTER ANTIGEN PRESENTATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

A

IMMUNITY ONE IS NOT BORN WITH, BUT ACQUIRED AFTER BIRTH AT SOME POINT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

A

ACQUISITION OF IMMUNITY PASSIVELY
EXAMPLES:

ACQUISITION OF IGA FROM MOTHER IN HIGH CONCENTRATION), MOM CAN PASS FLU ANTIBODIES (PLACENTA AND BREAST MILK)

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY ADMINISTRATION

IGG INJECTION (IMMUNOGLOBULIN INJECTION)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

A

AFTER INTRODUCTION OF PATHOGEN, BODY FORMS DEFENSE

EX: VACCINES CAUSES IT (THE RESPONSE)
EX: ILLNESS/INFECTION CAUSES IT (THE RESPONSE)

LYMPHOCYTES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE CREATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE DEFENSE (B CELLS AND T CELLS)

ARTIFICIAL (VACCINATION)

NATURAL (INFECTION)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

A

MMUNITY THAT OCCURS, BECAUSE THE BODY NEEDS TO MAKE IT HAPPEN TO REMAIN HEALTHY

ANTIBODIES ARE A PART OF THIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SPECIFIC IMMUNITY

A

IMMUNITY AGAINST A SPECIFIC DISEASE OR ANTIGEN

THIS INVOLVES THE BODY “BUILDING” AN “ARMY,” LIKE SPECIFIC B CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

HOW DO IMMUNIZATIONS WORK

A

BODY IS GIVEN (IM, NASAL, ETC…) ANTIGEN (LIVE OR NOT)

OFTEN A PIECE OF THE VIRUS/BACTERIAL INFO IS IN THE IMMUNIZATION

BODY RESPONDS FIRST WITH NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY, THEN BUILDS AN ARMY FOR THE NEXT TIME IT SEES THIS PARTICULAR ANTIGEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

THE REACTION OF THE CELLS AND FLUIDS OF THE BODY TO THE PRESENCE OF A SUBSTANCE WHICH IS NOT RECOGNIZED AS A CONSTITUENT OF THE BODY ITSELF.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE

A

RESPONSE OF THE BODY TO DISEASE OR INJURY RESULTING IN PAIN, HEAT, REDNESS AND SWELLING.

The inflammatory response is innate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DEFINE INFLAMMATION

A

A LOCALIZED PHYSICAL CONDITION IN WHICH PART OF THE BODY BECOMES REDDENED, SWOLLEN, HOT, AND OFTEN PAINFUL, ESPECIALLY AS A REACTION TO INJURY OR INFECTION.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CARDINAL SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION

A

REDNESS (FROM INCREASED BLOOD FLOW)-PLEASE NOTE LOCAL HEAT WITH LOCALIZED INFLAMMATION AND FEVER WITH SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION

HEAT/WARMTH (FROM INCREASED BLOOD FLOW)

SWELLING (MOVEMENT OF FLUID AND COMPONENTS INTO TISSUE AFTER INCREASED CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY)

PAIN (FROM PRESSURE FROM THE SWELLING AND CHEMICAL MEDIATORS)
POSSIBLE LOSS OF FUNCTION (FROM SWELLING)

they allow more blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EDEMA

A

A CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY AN EXCESS OF WATERY FLUID COLLECTING IN THE CAVITIES OR TISSUES OF THE BODY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION

A

FEVER
OVERALL BODY ACHES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

LOCALIZED INFLAMMATION

A

CARDINAL SIGNS AT SITE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

LEUKOCYTES

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MACROPHAGES

A

A LARGE PHAGOCYTIC CELL FOUND IN STATIONARY FORM IN THE TISSUES OR AS A MOBILE WHITE BLOOD CELL, ESPECIALLY AT SITES OF INFECTION/INFLAMMATION

MATURED MONOCYTE
MIGRATES INTO TISSUES FROM THE BLOOD

CAN ENGULF FOREIGN ANTIGENS

PHAGOCYTIC, ALSO INVOLVED IN “SIGNALING”

EXISTS WITHIN THE TISSUES AND WAS PRODUCED BY MONOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION

RELEASE PYROGENS (THESE CAN REGULATE TEMPERATURE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

BASOPHILS

A

SOME OF THESE, WHEN FOUND IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE, ARE CALLED MAST CELLS (ONCE THERE, THEY DON’T GO BACK

WOULD BE FOUND IN HIGH CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD OF A CLIENT EXPERIENCEING A SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

EOSINOPHILS

A

ARE INVOLVED IN THE ALLERGIC RESPONSE AND HIGH IN THE BLOOD OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ALLERGY/ASTHMA

RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBATING SOME MULTICELLULAR PARASITES AND OTHER INFECTIONS

PHAGOCYTIC

21
Q

NEUTROPHILS

A

PHAGOCYTIC: EAT/Remove (Phagocytosis) CELLULAR DEBRIS FROM INFLAMMATION
MOST ABUNDANT GRANULOCYTE
INNATE

FOUND IN THE BLOODSTREAM

PLEASE NOTE THAT AN ELEVATED NEUTROPHIL COUNT USUALLY SUGGESTS A BACTERIAL INFECTION

FIRST TO AID IN KILLING BACTERIA TO PREVENT INFECTION, IF INJURY OCCURS.

22
Q

BASOPHILS

A

SOME OF THESE, WHEN FOUND IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE, ARE CALLED MAST CELLS (ONCE THERE, THEY DON’T GO BACK

WOULD BE FOUND IN HIGH CONCENTRATION IN BLOOD OF A CLIENT EXPERIENCEING A SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION

INVOLVED IN ANAPHYLAXIS, ATOPIC DERMATITIS, HAY FEVER, ASTHMA

STORES HISTAMINE (VASODILATOR AND PRURITIC)

CONTAIN HEPARIN

HIGH IN CONCENTRATION IN THOSE EXPERIENCING AN ALLERGIC REACTION

23
Q

MACROPHAGES

A

MAJOR PHAGOCYTES IN TISSUE

DIGEST FOREIGN SUBSTANCES, MICROBES, CANCER CELLS, ETC….

A LARGE PHAGOCYTIC CELL FOUND IN STATIONARY FORM IN THE TISSUES OR AS A MOBILE WHITE BLOOD CELL, ESPECIALLY AT SITES OF INFECTION/INFLAMMATION

24
Q

MAST CELLS

A

RELEASE HISTAMINE (WHICH CAUSES VASODILATION)

Basophils

25
PROSTAGLANDINS
iMPORTANT TO INFLAMMATION VASODILATORS CHEMICAL SIGNALS TO SEND PLATELETS pART OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE INVOLVED IN PAIN this s where aiboprofill works
26
HISTAMINE
INVOLVED IN INFLAMMATION VASODILATOR (CAUSES BLOOD VESSELS TO DILATE) KEY COMPONENT OF ALLERGIES CAUSE PRURITIS RELEASED BY BASOPHILS AND MAST CELLS
27
T CELLS (T Lymphocytes)
MADE IN BONE MARROW MATURE IN THYMUS PLAY CENTRAL ROLE IN IMMUNE SYSTEM CYTOTOXIC T CELLS (CD8+ KILLER TCELLS), REGULATORY T CELLS, HELPER T CELLS (LIKE THE CD4+ HELPER TCELLS) Cell Mediated Immunity: T Cells bind to antigens and produce an immune response from other white blood cells) it is like Er of your body
28
NATURAL KILLER CELLS=CYTOTOXIC T CELL
ACTUALLY INNATE ACT ABOUT 3 DAYS AFTER INFECTION RESPOND TO TUMOR FORMATION RELEASE CYTOKINES CAUSING CELL LYSIS OR APOPTOSIS
29
B CELLS (B Lymphocytes)-these LYMPHOCYTES are known for their role in ADAPTIVE immunity
MATURE IN BONE MARROW CREATE ANTIBODIES HUMORAL IMMUNITY: B Cells produce antibodies to fight off subsequent infections) CARRY AND SECRETE ANTIBODIES PRESENT ANTIGENS SECRETE CYTOKINES BIND TO ANTIGENS AND INITIATE AN ANTIGEN RESPONSE “ARMIES” MADE BY IMMUNIZATIONS (MEMORY B CELLS AND ANTIBODIES) ARMIES ARE MADE BY B CELLS FROM ILLNESS: CREATION OF ANTIBODIES AND MEMORY B CELLS
30
PLASMA CELLS
DEVELOP FROM B CELLS PRODUCE LARGE AMOUNTS OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES
31
IMMUNOGLOBULINS (ANTIBODIES)
IGA: IN MUCOUS MEMBRANES, HIGH AMOUNT IN BREAST MILK (TEARS, SALIVA, BREAST MILK) IGG: RESPONSIBLE FOR BACTERIAL PROTECTION/ALSO CROSS PLACENTA IGE: HIGH LEVELS IN THOSE WITH ALLERGIES IGM: A PRIMARY ANTIBODY
32
LYMPH NODES, THE LYMPH SYSTEM AND BODILY DEFENSE
LYMPH SYSTEM IS PART OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND IMMUNE SYSTEM VESSELS AND NODES FILTERING AREAS IN NODES WITH IMMUNE FUNCTION (SPLEEN, TONSILS, THYMUS)
33
HEMATOPOESIS
THE PRODUCTION OF BLOOD CELLS AND PLATELETS, WHICH OCCURS IN THE BONE MARROW.
34
What is an ANTIGEN
Can be a foreign agent triggering an immune response. Can be distinguishing self from non-self on cells
35
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
Type 1: Allergy, High IgE, Typically Development of Urticaria/Hives, Watery/Inflamed Eyes, nasal/bronchial congestion, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis Type 2: Ex. Erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease in newborn); Cytotoxic destruction of cells secondary to the activation of complement, antibodies, or phagocytosis. Type 3: formation of immune complexes which deposit in blood vessels or tissues throughout the body 4: Ex. Mantoux, contact dermatitis, poison ivy
36
type I hypersensitivity
Immunoglobulin E–mediated type of hypersensitivity in which an allergen activates T cells that then bind to mast cells. Repeated exposure to relatively large doses of the allergen is usually necessary to cause this response.
37
type II hypersensitivity
Tissue-specific type of hypersensitivity that generally involves the destruction of a target cell by an antibody-directed cell-surface antigen. Immunoglobulin G or M reacts with an antigen on the cell, activating the complement system. The effects of type II reactions include cell lysis and phagocytosis.
38
type III hypersensitivity
immune complex–mediated type of hypersensitivity in which circulating antigen–antibody complexes accumulate and are deposited in the tissue. This accumulation triggers the complement system, causing local inflammation and increased vascular permeability, so more complexes accumulate.
39
type IV hypersensitivity
Cell-mediated type of hypersensitivity that involves a delayed processing of the antigen by the macrophages. Once processed, the antigen is presented to the T cells, resulting in the release of lymphokines that cause inflammation and antigen destruction.
40
systemic lupus erythematosus
fever joint pain weight loss Butterfly rash it affects 9x more than man
41
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
BEGINS WITH INFLAMMATION/EDEMA OF SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES THAT SURROUND THE JOINT. FOLLOWED BY CHRONIC INFLAMMATION IN AFFECTED JOINTS ESR ELEVATED (SED RATE, ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE) POSITIVE RA FACTOR AUTOIMMUNE
42
SCLERODERMA
SKIN THICKENING FROM CONNECTIVE TISSUE DEPOSITS
43
IMMUNOCOMPROMISE
HIGH RISK FOR INFECTION FEVER IS A BIG DEAL HIGH RISK FOR OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION
44
Primary Immunodeficiency
No other diagnosis Most often due to a genetic disorder directly affecting the immune system
45
Secondary Immunodeficiency
Examples include chemo, drug induced (steroid or other immunosuppressants), malnutrition, infection, etc…. Comes from something else
46
HIV/AIDS
HIV: RETROVIRUS CAUSING A DEFICIENT IMMUNE SYSTEM AND CAN LEAD TO AIDS INVOLVE THE CD4+ (T HELPER CELLS)
47
TRANSPLANT TYPES
Allogenic-healthy donor, not exactly identical in genetics but close enough, same species Autogenic-utilizing recipients own source (cells, organ, etc…). Xenogenic-usually referring to animal (non-human) source Syngenic-donor is an identical twin
48
Opportunistic Infection
Infections that do not cause disease in healthy individuals; instead, they take their opportunity when the immune system
49
BLOOD CLUES
HIGH EOSINOPHILS, HIGH IGE🡺ALLERGIES FEVER, MALAISE, HIGH NEUTROPHILS🡺POSSIBLE BACTERIAL INFECTION

Module 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions