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IMMS session 4: introduction to the cardiorespiratory system > IMMS session 4: introduction to the cardiorespiratory system > Flashcards

IMMS session 4: introduction to the cardiorespiratory system Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the major contents of the thorax?

A
  1. heart
  2. lungs
  3. trachea
  4. oesophagus
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2
Q

what is the scientific name for rib cage?

A

thoracic cage

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3
Q

what is the purpose of the thoracic cage?

A
  1. protects the thoracic and some abdominal organs
  2. attachment for muscles that control breathing and move the upper limbs
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4
Q

what is the scientific name for organ?

A

viscera

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5
Q

what is the rib cage composed of?

A
  1. sternum
  2. ribs
  3. thoracic vertebrae
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6
Q

how many ribs are there?

A

12

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7
Q

where does the sternum lie anatomically?

A

anterior in the mid line of the thoracic cage

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8
Q

what is the sternum composed of?

A
  1. manubrium
  2. body
  3. xiphoid process
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9
Q

what are some features of the manubrium?

A
  1. has a notch called the suprasternal (jugular) notch
  2. articulates with the clavicle (collar bone)
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10
Q

what is the joint where the manubrium and the clavicle articulate called?

A

sternoclavicular joint

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11
Q

what is the joint where the manubrium and body articulate called?

A

manubriosternal joint

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12
Q

at is the angle where the manubrium and body articulate called?

A

the sternal angle

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13
Q

what is the name of the cartilage found anterior on the ribs and its significance?

A

costal cartilage
gives the thoracic cage some ‘springiness’

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14
Q

what is the name of the joint where the ribs articulate with costal cartilage?

A

costochondral joints

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15
Q

what is the name of the joint where the upper ribs articulate with the sternum?

A

sternocostal joints

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16
Q

what is the name of the joint where the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae?

A

costovertebral joints

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17
Q

where do the intercostal muscles die and what is their purpose?

A

between the ribs
moves the thorax for breathing

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18
Q

what is the joint where the thoracic vertebrae articulate called?

A

intervertebral joints

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19
Q

how does the heart contract (beat)?

A

specialised nerve cells and fibers spontaneously generate and conduct the electrical activity that stimulates contraction

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20
Q

what impacts do the sympathetic and parasympathetic control have on the heart rate?

A
  1. sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate
  2. parasympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate.
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21
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart?

A

left and right atria, left and right ventricles

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22
Q

are the atrial or ventricular chambers of the heart muscular walls thicker and why?

A

ventricles because they are pumping chambers

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23
Q

what is the purpose of valves?

A

heart ensure that blood flows only in one direction through the heart and cannot flow backwards

24
Q

what are the atrioventricular valves?

A

valves lie between the atria and ventricles (the tricuspid valve on the right and the mitral valve on the left)

25
Q

what are the semi-lunar valves?

A

valves lie between the ventricles and the large blood vessels that carry blood from them

26
Q

what supplies blood to the myocardium?

A

coronary arteries

27
Q

what is the name of the circulation that occurs between the heart and the lungs?

A

cardiopulmonary circulation

28
Q

where and what type of blood does the right atrium receive?

A

deoxygenated blood
via the superior an inferior vena cava veins

29
Q

where and what type of blood does the right atrium receive?

A

deoxygenated blood
from the right atrium

30
Q

what are lungs divided into?

A

lobes

31
Q

what it the right lung divided into?

A

three lobes: a superior (upper), middle and inferior (lower) lobe

32
Q

what is the left lung divided into?

A

two lobes: a superior and an inferior lobe

33
Q

what separates lobes?

A

fissures

34
Q

what vessels serve each lungs?

A
  1. one pulmonary artery
  2. two pulmonary veins
  3. one main bronchus
35
Q

what do pulmonary arteries do?

A

carry deoxygenated blood into the lung from the right ventricle

35
Q

what does the main bronchus do?

A

carry air between the lung and trachea

35
Q

what do pulmonary veins do?

A

carry oxygenated blood from the lung into the left atrium

35
Q

what is the bronchial tree?

A

describes the branching system of tubes that conduct air into and out of the lungs

36
Q

what are the names of the membranes that cover the lungs?

A

the visceral and parietal pleura

36
Q

what is the site of gas exchange in the lung?

A

the alveoli

37
Q

what is the walls of the bronchioles composed of?

A

smooth muscle, no cartilage

38
Q

what are the walls of the trachea and bronchi composed of?

A

smooth muscles and cartilage

39
Q

what is the purpose of cartilage in the trachea and bronchi?

A

acts as a scaffold and ensures that the trachea and bronchi remain open

40
Q

is the movement of smooth muscle in the bronchioles autonomic or somatic control?

A

autonomic

41
Q

what does parasympathetic stimulation of the bronchioles do and what is this called?

A

narrows the bronchioles
bronchoconstriction

42
Q

what does sympathetic stimulation of the bronchioles do and what is this called?

A

opens the bronchioles
bronchodilation

43
Q

what is surface anatomy?

A

the study of anatomical structures by looking, feeling, and listening, without opening the body up

44
Q

why is the sternal angle a key landmark?

A

it lies at the same level as the second ribs - and from here we can count the rest of the ribs

45
Q

what is midsternal?

A

drawn straight down the centre of the sternum

46
Q

what is mid clavicular?

A

drawn inferiorly from the midpoint of the clavicle

47
Q

what is anterior axillary?

A

drawn inferiorly from the anterior axilla (armpit)

48
Q

what is midaxillary?

A

drawn inferiorly from the middle of the axilla

49
Q

what is posterior axillary?

A

drawn inferiorly from the posterior axilla

50
Q

what is scapular?

A

drawn inferiorly through the scapula

51
Q

what is midvertebral?

A

drawn straight down along the spinous processes of the vertebrae

52
Q
A

IMMS session 4: introduction to the cardiorespiratory system (11 decks)

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