IMMS facts

Question 1

Energy sources in carbs, lipids, proteins and alcohol ?

Answer 1

4kcal/g; 9kcal/g; 4kcal/g; 7kcal/g (same order as in the question)

Question 2

What is the definition of DEE?

Answer 2

Daily energy expenditure. Energy to support BMR and our physical activity+ energy required to process food we eat

Question 3

What do kinases do?

Answer 3

Kinases add or remove phosphates groups and take it/ give it to ATP

Question 4

What do isomerases do?

Answer 4

Rearrange the molecule without changing the molecular formula. So like an isomer.

Question 5

What do aldolases do?

Answer 5

Breaks C-C bonds

Question 6

What do dehydrogenases do?

Answer 6

Take an H- ion and give it to NAD+ or FAD+

Question 7

What do enolases do?

Answer 7

Enolases produce a C=C by removing an OH.

Question 8

Mnemonic for Krebs?

Answer 8

Can I keep selling sex for money officer

Question 9

What happens to pyruvate in anaerobic conditions?

Answer 9

Converted into lactate using lactate dehydrogenase. This can be converted back later on

Question 10

What cells do not partake in oxidative phosphorylation at all?

Answer 10

Erythrocytes

Question 11

Why is glycolysis inhibited in acidosis?

Answer 11

PFK-1 in pH dependent and is inhibited

Question 12

What are sources of acetyl coA

Answer 12

Pyruvate, beta oxidation and amino acid brakdown

Question 13

What regulates the glycolysis process?

Answer 13

AMP and ATP. When ATP levels are low you get P from ADP instead so AMP is an allosteric activator of PFK-1 increasing its affinity for Fructose-6-phosphate and vice versa.

Question 14

What is Beta oxidation dependent on?

Answer 14

Strictly aerobic, dependent on oxygen, good supply and good numbers of mitochondria.

Question 15

Why can’t beta oxidation happen in the brain? How does the body get past this?

Answer 15

Blood brain barrier/ using ketone bodies from ketogenesis

Question 16

Where does ketogenesis occur?

Answer 16

Primarily in the mitochondrial matrix of hepatocytes

Question 17

Why can’t the liver use ketone bodies as fuel for itself?

Answer 17

Because it does not have the enzyme succinyl co A which is required to convert acetoacetate to acetyl coA.

Question 18

What is diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 18

Reduced supply of glucose and high fatty acid oxidation due to high circulating glucagon. This increases ketone body synthesis and the body tissues cannot oxidise them. Low pH of 3.5 means that it reduces blood pH and impairs haemoglobin’s ability to bind to oxygen.
Presentation: Acetone is exhales so patients breath smells like pear drops