IMMS

Question 1

What is stained by alcian blue

Answer 1

› GAG-Rich
› Mucous goblet cells
› Mast cell granules
› Cartilage matrix
BLUE

Question 2

What is stained by eosin

Answer 2

› Colloidal proteins (PINK)
› Keratin (ORANGE/RED)

Question 3

What is stained by iron haematoxylin

Answer 3

› Nuclei
› Elastic fibres
BLACK

Question 4

What is stained by haematoxylin

Answer 4

› Nuclei
› RNA
BLUE

Question 5

What is stained by Periodic Acid Shiff (PAS)

Answer 5

› Hexose sugars (complex carb)
› Goblet cell mucins
› Cartilage matrix
› Glycogen
› Basement membranes
› Brush border
MAGENTA

Question 6

What is stained by Perl’s stain

Answer 6

› Ferric iron
PRUSSIAN BLUE

Question 7

What is stained by Romanovsky

Answer 7

› Chromatin/nuclei, azurophils, neutrophils (PURPLE)
› Erythrocytes/eosin granules (RED/PINK)
› Lymphocyte/monocyte plasma (PALE BLUE)
› Basophil granules (DARK BLUE/PURPLE)

Question 8

What is stained by Toluidine Blue

Answer 8

› Nuclei/ribosomes (DARK BLUE)
› Cytoplasm (PALE BLUE)
› Cartilage matrix/mast cell/GAG rich (BRIGHT PURPLE)

Question 9

What is stained by Van Gieson’s trichrome (with haematoxylin counterstain)

Answer 9

› Collagen (PINK/RED
› Cell cytoplasm (YELLOW/OLIVE GREEN)
› Nuclei (BLACK)

Question 10

Characteristics of neurones

Answer 10

› Neurons are large
› 25-60 microns
› Bc of slide thickness, cannot see all processes
› 1-5 dendritic processes
› Metabolically active
› Fully differentiated

Question 11

Characteristics of lymphocyte

Answer 11

› Small = 5 microns
› Little cytoplasm as dormant, not fully differentiated
› Metabolically inactive
› Minimal rER

Question 12

What are epithelia

Answer 12

› Barriers
› Single layer = SIMPLE = absorption / secretion
› Multi-layer = STRATIFIED = protection

Question 13

Characteristics of simple columnar epithelia

Answer 13

› Height > Width
› Oval nucleus
› Longer axis perp to base of cell
› Often microvilli or cilia at apical mem
› GUT ENTEROCYTES and RESPIRATORY TRACT

Question 14

Characteristics of intestinal epithelium

Answer 14

› Enterocytes w/ goblet cells
› Epithelia sit on BM - permeability barrier between epithelium
and connective tissue
› Microvilli at apical surface = BRUSH BORDER
› Brush border - inc s.a. / attachment of exo-enzymes
› Small int = simple columnar (large int = > goblet cells)

Question 15

Characteristics of cuboidal epithelia

Answer 15

› Square (height = width)
› Round nucleus
› At ducts of exocrine glands - sweat glands, salivary, pancreas
› And kidney tissue

Question 16

Characteristics of cilated simple columnar epithelium

Answer 16

› In nose / larynx / bronchial tree / fallopian tube
› SIMPLE COLUMNAR EP w/ goblet cells and cilia
› Cilia = 2 microns
› Clilia movement by tublin and dynein

Question 17

Characteristics of sqaumous epithelium

Answer 17

› Outer surface of most thoracic and abdominal organs
› Simple squamous epithelium (SEROSA)
› Also lines pleural and peritoneal cavities
› Air sacs of lungs (alveoli)
› FLATTENED
› !CYLINDRICAL/ELLIPTICAL NUCLEI at base of cell

Question 18

Characteristics of stratified sqaumous epithelium

Answer 18

› Mouth, throat, oesophagus, anus, vagina
› Cells replaced from below
› Stem cells (mitosis capable) at basal layer
› Sloughed off from top
› Only apical cells are squamous

Question 19

Characteristics of keratinisded stratified sqaumous epithelium

Answer 19

›Epidermis
› Lower layers epidermis similar to strat squam
› Upper layers synthesise unique collection of proteins - interact
with cytoskeleton of cell to produce keratin
› Keratin - dense protein, fills cytoplasm of cells = tough and
waterproof
› When full of keratin cells die and are sloughed off

Question 20

Characteristics of pseudostratified

Answer 20

› Multilayered but when stretched flattens
› TRACHEA AND BRONCHI
› At urinary tract = specialised UROTHELIUM
› Distinguish from stratified:
- All cells in contact with BM
- Cells replaced by lateral migration not vertical