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Immigration Flashcards

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1
Q

What factors pulled people from the Caribbean to come to Britain?

A

Britain was the motherland, better education system, British Nationality Act (1948), success of previous immigrants, job opportunities in the NHS & London transport, looking for an adventure, British culture & history, 10,000 West Indian troops who had served in the Bristish armed forces stayed to work in Britain.

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2
Q

How many immigrants from the West Indies arrived in Britain in 1954?

A

24,000

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3
Q

By 1960, how many immigrants from the Caribbean were in Britain?

A

125,000

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4
Q

What was the British Nationality Act?

A

An act designed to encourage immigration in 1948. It allowed all citizens of the former empire unrestricted access to Britain.

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5
Q

What was the name of the Kenyan Priminister?

A

Jomo Kenyatta

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6
Q

In what year did the Kenyan Priminister give the Kenyan Asians a choice to stay or leave?

A

1967

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7
Q

What choice did the Kenyan Priminister give the Kenyan Asians?

A

They either had to become Kenyan citizens in 2 years or leave

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8
Q

How many Kenyan Asians fled to Britian in the late 1960s?

A

20,000

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9
Q

In what year did the Ugandan President order the Ugandan Asians to leave?

A

1972

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10
Q

What was the name of the Ugandan President?

A

Idi Amin

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11
Q

How long did the Ugandan President give the Ugandan Asians to leave?

A

90 days

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12
Q

What did the Ugandan Presidents second decree state?

A

All Ugandan Asian professionals (e.g. Doctors) must stay in Uganda and if they try to leave they will be committing treason.

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13
Q

What did Britain offer the exiled Ugandan Asians?

A

The choice of a British or Indian passport and the opportunity to come and live in Britain

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14
Q

How many Ugandan Asians arrived in Britain in the early 1970s?

A

27,000

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15
Q

In what year did India gain independence?

A

1947

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16
Q

What year was the ‘keep Britain white’ campaign started?

A

1959

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17
Q

What problems did immigrants face with housing in Britain?

A

Banks & building societies wouldn’t give them loans or mortgages, local authorities said they had to live in Britain for 5 years before they could receive council housing, they were exploited by landlords, e.g. Peter Rachman in West London, who charged high rent for substandard accommodation

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18
Q

What problems did immigrants face with work in Britain?

A

Trade unions thought that they were taking British jobs, they found it hard to get promoted, they mostly worked in low paid jobs, in 1958 the trade union congress passed a resolution calling for an end to all immigrant workers entering the country, and in the midlands white workers demanded separate toilet facilities from the Sikh workers

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19
Q

Why did transport workers go on strike in 1955?

A

They were complaining about the increasing numbers of immigrant workers.

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20
Q

In what year was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act introduced?

A

1962

21
Q

What was the Commowealth Immigrants Act?

A

It introduced a voucher system which restricted immigration to people who had a valuable skill or could do a job where there was a labour shortage.

22
Q

In what year did the Labour government restrict the immigration quota to 8,500 per year?

A

1964

23
Q

In what year was the Race Relations Act passed?

A

1965

24
Q

What did the Race Relations Act do?

A

It made it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of race or colour

25
Q

In what year was the Race Realtions Board set up?

A

1966

26
Q

Why was the Race Realtions Board set up?

A

To handle complaints about discrimination, but it had few powers and was limited in its impact

27
Q

In what year was the National Front Party formed?

A

1967

28
Q

What did the National Front Party call for the end of?

A

Immigration, for immigrants to be sent back to their country of origin and for the separation of white and immigrant communities

29
Q

In what year was the Commonwealth Immigrants Act updated?

A

1968

30
Q

What did the second Commonwealth Immigrants Act do?

A

It limited immigration vouchers to 1,500 per year. It also introduced a ‘close connections’ clause that restricted entry to Commonwealth citizens who held a British passport and were born in Britain, or whose parents or grandparents were born in Britain.

31
Q

In what year did Enoch Powell make his ‘rivers of blood’ speech?

A

1968

32
Q

What did Enoch Powells speech lead to?

A

He was sacked by conservative leader Edward Heath, the Labour government passed a new Race Relations Act which made it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race or colour in employment and housing, there were demonstrations in support of him in London and other areas.

33
Q

In what year did the government pass the Race Equality Act?

A

1976

34
Q

What did the Race Equality Act do?

A

It made it illegal to make racially offensive comments or publish racially offensive material and it set up the commission for Racial Equality to investigate claims of racism.

35
Q

What were the push factors that prompted people from the Caribbean to move to Britain?

A

Jamaica was ‘backwater’ nothing was happening, the collapse of the sugar trade, lack of tourism, unemployment, hurricanes in 1944 & 1951, immigration to the USA had been cut back.

36
Q

Why did many people leave the borders between Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India?

A

Because of religious violence

37
Q

Why did many Asian people move to Britain?

A

There were better opportunities, religious violence and the building of the Mirpur dam meant that people had to be resettled

38
Q

What happened in Nottingham in 1958?

A

Violent clashes between black and white youths broke in to large scale fighting. Nottingham was home to 2,500 Caribbeans and 600 Asians. It lead to MPs calling for an end to immigration and new laws which allowed deportation.

39
Q

What happened in Notting Hill in September in 1958?

A

Gangs of Teddy boys attacked Caribbean people and their homes using petrol bombs. On the 3rd night the black population fought back. It was condenmed by the press and politicians.

40
Q

What was the Metropolitan police’s response to the Notting Hill violence?

A

They didn’t do anything until the immigrants retaliated, then they got involved.

41
Q

What was 1 positive outcome from the Notting Hill riots?

A

British people sided with the immigrants because they thought the teddy boys were wrong to attack them.

42
Q

How many people were arrested in Notting Hill during the 1958 riots?

A

140

43
Q

What caused the Notting Hill riots?

A

Increasing tension between the locals and the immigrants because jobs were scarcer and some white people blamed immigrants for taking their jobs. The police weren’t doing anything to help the immigrants, so they took the matter into their own hands and retaliated.

44
Q

Who were the first immigrants to arrive from Asia?

A

Eurasians - educated, middle-class people who had intermarried during the British 200 year rule over India, most were Christian.

45
Q

Why did the Sihks come to Britain?

A

They were a minority religious group compared to the Hindus and Muslims. In their area of Punjab there was lots of religious violence they saw Britain as peaceful and stable.

46
Q

Why did the Indian and Pakistani immigrants come to Britian in the late 1950s and 1960s?

A

To fill the labour shortage, for economic reasons

47
Q

What prompted more immigrants from the Indian sub-continent to come to Britain?

A

At first, most immigrants were planning to send the money they earned home or take it back with themselves. However, in time they decided to settle which prompted more immigrants to come because they now had contacts in Britain who could help them find work and housing.

48
Q

Why is the arrival of Emipre Windrush in Britian so significant?

A

It wasn’t the first ship to arrived on the British shores with immigrants that was ‘ormonde’ in 1947, immigration from the Caribbean was tiny compared to that of Ireland and Europe and the rush of immigrants from the Caribbean didn’t start until the 1950s. But it was brought to the attention of the public by the media and they were met by a small crowd holding signs saying “go home” so it is seen as the start to post-war immigration.

History (8 decks)

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