Immediate Memory (EXAM 1) Flashcards
Short-term memory (STM)
Holding place for information that is currently being attended to
What are the 2 defining characteristics of short-term memory?
Short duration + small capacity
Rehearsal
Repeating info to maintain it in STM (without rehearsal, about 10% of people can remember one trigram after just 20 seconds
T/F: Short-term memory is unlimited in duration
FALSE! Short-term memory is limited in duration
T/F: Without rehearsal, information quickly disappears from STM
TRUE
Decay
Information fades over time
Chunking
Well-learned, meaningful unit of information (chunking can increase the number of things currently held in STM)
T/F: Modal model assumes that everything you’ve ever learned is held in LTM forever
TRUE!
Interference
Other information gets in the way
Modal Model is made up of what two concepts
Primacy and recency effects
Fill in the blank: Information is held in short-term memory ___ ___, we forget it because ___
(1) very briefly (2) decay
Fill in the blank: Information is held in long-term memory ____, we forget it because ___
(1) indefinitely (2) interference
Primacy effect
Early words are remembered well; Rehearsed the items, so they were transferred to LTM
Recency effect
Later words are remembered well; Items dumped from STM
T/F: Serial position curve is evidence for separate STM and LTM stores
TRUE!
T/F: Embedded-Process model says that STM and LTM are distinct systems
FALSE! It says that STM and LTM are not distinct systems
T/F: Embedded-Process model says that everything is stored indefinitely
TRUE!
T/F: Embedded-Process model says that the sole cause of forgetting is interference
TRUE!
Working memory
Highly related to things like selective attention, problem solving, reading comprehension, academics, etc.
What is the definition of working memory ACCORDING TO THE MULTI-COMPONENT MODEL
A multi-component system that holds info temporarily and mediates its use in ongoing mental activities
Visuo-spatial sketch pad
Memory store for visual and spatial info
Phonological loop
Memory store for verbal information
Central Executive
Coordinates processing within and across stores
Irrelevant speech effect
Any spoken stimulus will interfere with current processing of other verbal information
Definition of working memory ACCORDING TO STORAGE AND PROCESSING MODEL
Combination of temporary storage and the processing that acts upon it
Content-embedded tasks
Working memory tasks that require you told hold + process the same content
Why does some data show that content-embedded tasks are better than complex span tasks for predicting complex cognition?
Manipulating the same info that you’re also supposed to recall (unlike OSPAN where you’re manipulating different than what you’re recalling
