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vtt 210 - rotations > imaging studyguide > Flashcards

imaging studyguide Flashcards

1
Q

CR

A

computed radiography

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2
Q

DR

A

digital radiography

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3
Q

ultrasound

A

sound waves; diagnosing discrete abnormalities

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4
Q

CT

A

computed tomography; rotating x-ray tube with more shades of gray

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5
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging; uses magnets; soft tissues using radio waves and hydrogen nuclei properties of cell

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6
Q

radiation therapy

A

using ionizing radiation to kill or control growth of malignant cells

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7
Q

nuclear medicine

A

radioactive material in body to see how organs and tissue function or to target diseased organs and tissue

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8
Q

radiopaque

A

doesn’t penetrate; positive media

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9
Q

radiolucent

A

penetrates; negative media

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10
Q

biological half-life

A

time taken for concentration of a biological substance to decrease from its max concentration to half

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11
Q

cumulative dose (radiation)

A

total amount of radiation exposure

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12
Q

collimator

A

beam restrictor with lead grids to reduce amount of scatter radiation; restricts field

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13
Q

fluoroscopy

A

live motion movie of what’s going on; medical procedure that makes a video of movements inside body by passing x-rays through the body

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14
Q

FFD

A

40 inches
focal film distance
focal spot to film

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15
Q

background radiation

A

radiation from the environment

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16
Q

dosimeter

A

radiation monitor badge

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17
Q

iodinated water-soluble compounds

A

contrast agent that enhances the visibility of vascular structures and organs

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18
Q

surgery radiograph

A

radiographs prior to procedure (scout radiographs); baseline radiographs

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19
Q

5 levels of opacities in order

A

air
fat
soft tissue/fluid
bone
metal

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20
Q

esophagram

A

esophagus; liquid barium

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21
Q

upper GI

A

stomach and small intestine; liquid barium

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22
Q

barium enema

A

colon; barium paste

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23
Q

pneumocolongram

A

air into colon

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24
Q

cystogram

A

bladder; omnipaque

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25
Q

excretory urogram (IVP)

A

kidneys; omnipaque

26
Q

myelogram

A

spine; omnipaque

27
Q

urethogram

A

urethra; omnipaque

28
Q

kVp

A

kilovoltage peak; penetrating power; contrast - amount of gray

29
Q

mAs

A

milliampere-seconds; density - blackness on film

30
Q

grid

A

thin lead strips to absorb primary radiation

31
Q

intensifying screen

A

thin layer of crystals which are used in pairs in a cassette to reduce radiation exposure required; helps with detail

32
Q

cassettes/screen speeds

A

hold and protect x-ray film in normal light

33
Q

anode

A

positively charged terminal in x-ray tube containing target and tungsten plate

34
Q

cathode

A

negative terminal of x-ray tube where electrons are eliminated

35
Q

calipers

A

a device used to measure anatomical part being radiographed

36
Q

bucky tray

A

metal sliding tray under xray tube that holds film

37
Q

thorax landmarks

A

thoracic inlet to tip of lung (coxophrenic angle); peak inspiration

38
Q

abdomen landmarks

A

coxofemoral joints to dome of diaphragm

39
Q

spine landmarks

A

include all vertebra for that spine

40
Q

extremities landmarks

A

joint above to joint below

41
Q

pelvis landmarks

A

coxofemoral joints to include whole femur

OFA- includes patellas

42
Q

required protective equipment

A

lead gloves
lead apron
thyroid shield
dosimetry badge

43
Q

ALARA

A

as low as reasonably achievable; making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to radiation as far below the dose limits as practical; safer to be exposed for longer times

44
Q

esophagram prep

A
  • scout films
  • no sedation
45
Q

upper GI prep

A
  • fast overnight
  • enema night before and 1-2 hours before procedure
  • scout films
46
Q

barium enema prep

A
  • sedate
  • 24 hour fast
  • warm water enemas only
  • scout films
47
Q

pneumocolongram prep

A
  • scout films
48
Q

cystogram prep

A
  • sedated
  • empty GI
  • clean prepuce or vagina
49
Q

excretory urogram prep

A
  • fast overnight
  • catheter
  • scout film
  • enema before
  • complication: severe renal compromise and hydration
50
Q

myelogram prep

A
  • anesthesia
  • complication: infection
51
Q

urethrogram prep

A
  • sedate
  • empty GI
  • clean prepuce or vagina
52
Q

common complication with all procedures

A

if suspected rupture, don’t administer contrast media

53
Q

film too light

A
  • technique too low
  • measured wrong or FFD too far
54
Q

film too dark

A
  • technique too high
  • measured wrong or FFD too close
55
Q

kissing defects

A

wet, undeveloped films stuck together
- develop fully and dry first

56
Q

grid cut off

A

Bucky tray not pushed in or lined up

57
Q

motion

A
  • patient moving
  • machine moved
58
Q

film fog

A
  • too much scatter radiation
  • collimated too big
  • film too old
  • collimate down
59
Q

automatic processor roller marks

A

too much pressure on roller

60
Q

white specks on film

A
  • dirty cassettes or fingernails
  • clean beforehand
61
Q

review anatomy power point

A

go do it

vtt 210 - rotations (4 decks)

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