imaging studyguide Flashcards
CR
computed radiography
DR
digital radiography
ultrasound
sound waves; diagnosing discrete abnormalities
CT
computed tomography; rotating x-ray tube with more shades of gray
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging; uses magnets; soft tissues using radio waves and hydrogen nuclei properties of cell
radiation therapy
using ionizing radiation to kill or control growth of malignant cells
nuclear medicine
radioactive material in body to see how organs and tissue function or to target diseased organs and tissue
radiopaque
doesn’t penetrate; positive media
radiolucent
penetrates; negative media
biological half-life
time taken for concentration of a biological substance to decrease from its max concentration to half
cumulative dose (radiation)
total amount of radiation exposure
collimator
beam restrictor with lead grids to reduce amount of scatter radiation; restricts field
fluoroscopy
live motion movie of what’s going on; medical procedure that makes a video of movements inside body by passing x-rays through the body
FFD
40 inches
focal film distance
focal spot to film
background radiation
radiation from the environment
dosimeter
radiation monitor badge
iodinated water-soluble compounds
contrast agent that enhances the visibility of vascular structures and organs
surgery radiograph
radiographs prior to procedure (scout radiographs); baseline radiographs
5 levels of opacities in order
air
fat
soft tissue/fluid
bone
metal
esophagram
esophagus; liquid barium
upper GI
stomach and small intestine; liquid barium
barium enema
colon; barium paste
pneumocolongram
air into colon
cystogram
bladder; omnipaque
excretory urogram (IVP)
kidneys; omnipaque
myelogram
spine; omnipaque
urethogram
urethra; omnipaque
kVp
kilovoltage peak; penetrating power; contrast - amount of gray
mAs
milliampere-seconds; density - blackness on film
grid
thin lead strips to absorb primary radiation
intensifying screen
thin layer of crystals which are used in pairs in a cassette to reduce radiation exposure required; helps with detail
cassettes/screen speeds
hold and protect x-ray film in normal light
anode
positively charged terminal in x-ray tube containing target and tungsten plate
cathode
negative terminal of x-ray tube where electrons are eliminated
calipers
a device used to measure anatomical part being radiographed
bucky tray
metal sliding tray under xray tube that holds film
thorax landmarks
thoracic inlet to tip of lung (coxophrenic angle); peak inspiration
abdomen landmarks
coxofemoral joints to dome of diaphragm
spine landmarks
include all vertebra for that spine
extremities landmarks
joint above to joint below
pelvis landmarks
coxofemoral joints to include whole femur
OFA- includes patellas
required protective equipment
lead gloves
lead apron
thyroid shield
dosimetry badge
ALARA
as low as reasonably achievable; making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to radiation as far below the dose limits as practical; safer to be exposed for longer times
esophagram prep
- scout films
- no sedation
upper GI prep
- fast overnight
- enema night before and 1-2 hours before procedure
- scout films
barium enema prep
- sedate
- 24 hour fast
- warm water enemas only
- scout films
pneumocolongram prep
- scout films
cystogram prep
- sedated
- empty GI
- clean prepuce or vagina
excretory urogram prep
- fast overnight
- catheter
- scout film
- enema before
- complication: severe renal compromise and hydration
myelogram prep
- anesthesia
- complication: infection
urethrogram prep
- sedate
- empty GI
- clean prepuce or vagina
common complication with all procedures
if suspected rupture, don’t administer contrast media
film too light
- technique too low
- measured wrong or FFD too far
film too dark
- technique too high
- measured wrong or FFD too close
kissing defects
wet, undeveloped films stuck together
- develop fully and dry first
grid cut off
Bucky tray not pushed in or lined up
motion
- patient moving
- machine moved
film fog
- too much scatter radiation
- collimated too big
- film too old
- collimate down
automatic processor roller marks
too much pressure on roller
white specks on film
- dirty cassettes or fingernails
- clean beforehand
review anatomy power point
go do it
