Imaging of chest Flashcards
what is consolidation
Consolidation means that there is material filling the alveoli
what does consolidation look like on an xray
Ill defined
Hazy
Increased density
White zone
what is an air bronchogram
The large airways are often not filled with material and still appear black, creating ‘air bronchograms’ in the white lung
4 things that can appear as consolidation and disease for each
pus- pneumonia
water- pulm oedema
blood- trauma, vasculitis
cells- tumour
what is the silhouette sign?
If there is consolidation in lung that is against another structure eg heart, the normal interface between air and soft tissue is lost so the border of that structure is no longer visible
if you get loss of the left hemi-diaphragm border, where is the consolidation?
left lower lobe
if you get loss of the right hemi-diaphragm border, where is the consolidation?
right lower lobe
if you get loss of the left heart border, where is the consolidation?
lingula
if you get loss of the right heart border, where is the consolidation?
right middle lobe
3 characteristics of TB on xray
upper lobe consolidation
cavity formation
hilar lymphadenopathy
what is a cavity on xray?
air space where part of the lung has been destroyed and the gas produced by the bacteria gets trapped in that area
what are the 4 main review areas on xray
supraclavicular
hilar
heart
below diaphragm
3 things to look for on an xray for heart failure
Heart size
Pulmonary vessel & parenchymal changes
Pleural changes
how big should the heart be?
no more than half of the thorax
what direction can you not use to calculate cardiac size
AP xray
