GI infection and hepatitis Flashcards
5 infectious causes of gastroenteritis
salmonella shigella campylobacter norovirus cryptosporidium
3 non infectious causes of gastroenteritis
drugs
toxins
IBD
main mode of transmission of campylobacter in developed countries
contaminated raw or uncooked poultry
main site of infection of campylobacter
terminal ileum and colon
symptoms of campylobacter infection
mild episodes of loose stools to severe inflammatory diarrhoea malaise pain cramping fever
how do we diagnose bacterial/parasitic causes of gastroenteritis?
real time PCR gastro panel
positive results confirmed by culture
treatment of campylobacter
supportive
abx
3 risk factors for c diff infection
abx use
hospitalisation
age
3 known c diff toxins
cytotoxin a
cytotoxin b
binary toxin
treatment for c diff
removal of offending abx
treatment with: fidaxomicin, metronidazole or vancomycin
might need partial or total colectomy
recurrent- fidaxomicin, faecal transplant
management of c diff- reducing incidence
antimicrobial stewardship
reduce length of stay
infection control
diagnosis of c diff
clinical signs and symptoms
raised WCC
detection of toxin- 2 phase test- glutamate dehydrogenase and ELISA for toxin A and B
clinical presentation of norovirus
acute onset
vomiting and non-inflammatory diarrhoea
abdo cramps
treatment for norovirus
supportive
source isolation
infection control
define hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
