Imaging Ch7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary effect of scatter radiation on a radiographic image

A

It decreases radiographic contrast

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2
Q

Which of the following will increase scatter production?
A. decreasing patient thickness
B. Increasing collimation
C. Decreasing kVp
D. increasing x-ray field size

A

Increasing x-ray field size

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3
Q

What is the primary function of a radiographic grid?
a. to increase patient exposure
b. to reduce scatter radiation reaching the image receptor
c. to reduce primary radiation reaching the image receptor
d. to increase the field size

A

to reduce scatter radiation reaching the image receptor

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4
Q

Which of the following is true when increasing collimation
a. it increases the field size
b. it reduces scatter radiation produced
c. it decreases the exposure to the image receptor
d. B and C

A

both b and c

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5
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a grid?
A. it increases patient exposure
B. it increases image contrast
C. it reduces scatter radiation
D. It decreases radiographic density

A

it increases patient exposure

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6
Q

A grid ratio of 16:1 will clean up more scatter than a grid ratio of:
A: 5:1
B.6:1
c. 12:1
D. all of the above

A

All the above

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7
Q

Which of the following devices limits the size and shape of the primary x-ray beam
A. collimator
b. aperture diaphragm
c. grid
d. cylinder

A

collimator

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8
Q

A grid with lead strips that run at right angles to each other is referred to as a:
A. linear grid
b. crossed grid
c. parallel grid
d. focused grid

A

crossed grid

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9
Q

What is the effect of using an upside-down focused grid?
A. increase in exposure at the edges of the image
b. decrease in exposure along the lateral edges of the image
C. no effect of on image quality
D. increase in contrast

A

decrease in exposure along the lateral edges

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10
Q

Which grid ratio would be best suited for imaging anatomy over 10 cm and using high kVp techniques?
a. 5:1
b.6:1
c.8:1
d. 12:1

A

12:1

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11
Q

Which of the following grid patterns allows for tube angulation along the length of the lead lines?
A. crossed grid
B. focused grid
C. parallel grid
D. linear grid

A

linear grid

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12
Q

Which type of grid cut-off occurs when the x-ray tube is angled across the lead strips?
A. off-level grid cut off
B. off-focus grid cut-off
C. off-center grid cut-off
D. upside-down focused grid cut-off

A

off-level grid cutoff

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13
Q

Grid cut-off that results in a loss of exposure at the periphery of the image is caused by:
a. off-level grid alignment
b. upside- down grid placement
c. off-focus grid usage
d. lateral decentering

A

off-focus grid usage

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14
Q

Which factor describes the number of lead lines per unit length in a grid?
a. grid ratio
b. grid frequency
c. grid conversion factor
d. focal range

A

grid ratio

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15
Q

Which of the following describes a grid with lead lines running parallel to one another?
- A. Focused grid
- B. Crossed grid
- C. Parallel grid
- D. Reciprocating grid

A

parallel grid

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16
Q

Which grid ratio would provide the greatest scatter radiation cleanup but require a significant increase in mAs
A. 5:1
B. 6:1
C. 8:1
D. 16:1

A

16:1

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17
Q

The air gap technique improves image contrast by:**
A. Decreasing scatter production
B. Increasing OID so scatter misses the image receptor
C. Increasing collimation
D. Decreasing SID

A

increasing OID so scatter misses the image receptor

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18
Q

What is the grid ratio when the lead strips are 2.0 mm high and spaced 0.2 mm apart?
A. 5:1
B. 8:1
C. 10:1
D. 16:1

A

10:1

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19
Q

A Potter-Bucky diaphragm is used to:
- A. Focus the x-ray beam
- B. Hold the x-ray cassette
- C. Move the grid during exposure to blur grid lines
- D. Restrict the size of the x-ray field

A

Move the grid during exposure to blur grid lines

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20
Q

Which of the following can reduce the visibility of grid lines on a radiograph?
- A. Using a stationary grid
- B. Increasing kVp
- C. Using a reciprocating grid
- D. Decreasing grid ratio

A

using a reciprocating grid

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21
Q

Which grid ratio is likely to require the highest increase in mAs for maintaining image density?
- A. 5:1
- B. 6:1
- C. 12:1
- D. 16:1

A

16:1

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22
Q

What is the main disadvantage of using a grid during imaging?**
- A. Decrease in scatter radiation
- B. Increase in patient dose
- C. Increased image contrast
- D. Decreased image noise

A

increase in patient dose

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23
Q

Which of the following grid patterns is more prone to grid cut-off if the x-ray tube is angled?**
- A. Focused grid
- B. Crossed grid
- C. Parallel grid
- D. Linear grid

A

crossed grid

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24
Q

Which of the following is the typical focal range for a grid with a 72-inch SID?**
- A. 36-42 inches
- B. 66-74 inches
- C. 40-48 inches
- D. 100-120 inches

A

66-74 inches

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25
Q

Grid cut-off caused by misalignment between the central ray and the center of the grid is called:**
- A. Off-center cut-off
- B. Off-level cut-off
- C. Off-focus cut-off
- D. Upside-down grid cut-off

A

off-center cut-off

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26
Q

Which of the following is true about increasing the grid ratio?**
- A. It decreases the risk of grid cut-off
- B. It reduces the need for higher mAs
- C. It improves scatter cleanup and increases image contrast
- D. It decreases patient exposure

A

it improves scatter cleanup and increases image contrast

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27
Q

The air gap technique can be used as an alternative to a grid to improve image contrast. However, a disadvantage of this technique is:**
- A. Increased image contrast
- B. Increased patient exposure
- C. Increased OID, which decreases spatial resolution
- D. Decreased scatter reaching the image receptor

A

increased OID, which increases spatial resolution

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28
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of using collimation?
- A. Increased patient dose
- B. Increased scatter radiation
- C. Improved radiographic contrast
- D. Increased field size

A

improved radiographic contrast

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29
Q

What is the result of using an off-level grid?**
- A. Increased image contrast
- B. Uniform exposure across the image receptor
- C. Loss of exposure across the entire image
- D. Overexposure of the image

A

loss of exposure across the entire image

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30
Q

A grid with 12:1 ratio will provide greater:**
- A. Exposure to the patient
- B. Flexibility in tube angulation
- C. Absorption of scatter radiation
- D. Magnification

A

absorption of scatter radiation

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31
Q

Which of the following will decrease scatter radiation production?**
- A. Increasing field size
- B. Increasing collimation
- C. Increasing patient thickness
- D. Decreasing collimation

A

increasing collimation

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32
Q

Which of the following is true of a parallel grid?**
- A. It has lead strips that converge to match the x-ray beam divergence
- B. It can cause grid cut-off, especially at shorter SID
- C. It allows more angulation of the x-ray tube compared to a linear grid
- D. It is commonly used in focused grid applications

A

It can cause grid cut-off, especially at shorter SID

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33
Q

Which type of beam-restricting device uses lead shutters to adjust the x-ray field size?**
- A. Cylinder
- B. Aperture diaphragm
- C. Collimator
- D. Cones

A

collimator

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34
Q

A high-frequency grid is preferred in digital imaging to:**
- A. Increase image brightness
- B. Reduce scatter and avoid Moiré patterns
- C. Increase patient exposure
- D. Increase the divergence of the x-ray beam

A

reduce scatter and avoid Moire patterns

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35
Q

Which type of grid pattern can tolerate some tube angulation along its length?**
- A. Crossed grid
- B. Parallel grid
- C. Linear grid
- D. Focused grid

A

linear grid

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36
Q

What type of grid cutoff occurs when the grid is used outside
of its focal range?**
- A. Off-level grid cutoff
- B. Off-focus grid cutoff
- C. Upside-down grid cutoff
- D. Off-center grid cutoff

A

off-focus grid cutoff

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37
Q

The function of the Potter-Bucky diaphragm is to:**
- A. Restrict the size of the x-ray beam
- B. Eliminate scatter radiation production
- C. Reduce scatter reaching the image receptor by moving the grid during exposure
- D. Increase the size of the x-ray field

A

reduce scatter reaching the image receptor by moving the grid during exposure

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38
Q

A grid with a ratio of 8:1 will remove approximately what percentage of scatter radiation from the image?**
- A. 80%
- B. 85%
- C. 90%
- D. 95%

A

90%

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39
Q

What is the effect of using an upside-down focused grid?**
- A. Underexposure at the center of the image
- B. Overexposure at the center of the image
- C. Underexposure along the edges of the image
- D. Overexposure along the edges of the image

A

underexposure along the edges of the image

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40
Q

Which of the following grids is most likely to cause a zebra or Moiré effect in computed radiography?**
- A. A high-frequency moving grid
- B. A low-frequency stationary grid
- C. A focused grid
- D. A parallel grid

A

a low-frequency stationary grid

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41
Q

When using a grid, which factor needs to be adjusted to maintain adequate exposure to the image receptor?**
- A. mAs
- B. SID
- C. kVp
- D. OID

A

mAs

42
Q

Which of the following best describes the function of beam-restricting devices?**
- A. Reduce scatter production
- B. Increase image magnification
- C. Increase patient exposure
- D. Improve spatial resolution

A

reduce scatter production

43
Q

The term “grid ratio” refers to:
- A. The number of lead strips per inch
- B. The height of the lead strips to the distance between them
- C. The number of lead lines per centimeter
- D. The number of grid lines visible on the image

A

the height of the lead strips to the distance between them

44
Q

What is the main function of the grid in radiographic imaging?**
- A. To increase scatter production
- B. To reduce primary beam exposure
- C. To reduce scatter radiation reaching the image receptor
- D. To improve patient positioning

A

to reduce scatter radiation reaching the image receptor

45
Q

What is the grid frequency if there are 80 lead strips per centimeter?**
- A. 80 lines per inch
- B. 40 lines per inch
- C. 80 lines per centimeter
- D. 60 lines per inch

A

80 lines per cm

46
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the use of a grid in pediatric imaging?**
- A. It should always be used regardless of part thickness
- B. It is generally not used if the body part is less than 10 cm thick
- C. It reduces the need for collimation
- D. It decreases patient dose

A

it is generally not used if the body part is less than 10 cm thick

47
Q

The “focal range” of a grid refers to:**
- A. The SID at which the grid is effective
- B. The maximum OID allowable with the grid
- C. The amount of scatter absorbed by the grid
- D. The total number of grid lines

A

the SID at which thegrid is effective

48
Q

In the air gap technique, increasing the object-to-image distance (OID) will:**
- A. Improve spatial resolution
- B. Decrease magnification
- C. Increase image contrast by reducing scatter
- D. Increase patient exposure

A

increase image contrast by reducing scatter

49
Q

Which of the following best describes grid cut-off?
- A. Excessive scatter reaching the image receptor
- B. Reduced transmission of primary x-ray photons to the image receptor
- C. Enhanced image contrast and density
- D. Increased patient dose

A

Reduced transmission of primary x-ray photons to the image receptor

50
Q

When using a 16:1 grid, what adjustment is typically needed?**
- A. Increase in kVp
- B. Increase in mAs
- C. Decrease in SID
- D. Decrease in exposure time

A

increase in mAs

51
Q

Which type of grid pattern has the least flexibility for tube angulation?**
- A. Focused grid
- B. Crossed grid
- C. Linear grid
- D. Parallel grid

A

crossed grid

52
Q

When using the air gap technique, which of the following must be adjusted to maintain image sharpness?**
- A. Increase in kVp
- B. Decrease in SID
- C. Increase in SID
- D. Decrease in mAs

A

increase SID

53
Q

The term “grid cutoff” is best described as:**
- A. A reduction in image contrast
- B. A decrease in primary radiation reaching the image receptor
- C. An increase in scatter radiation production
- D. An improvement in spatial resolution

A

a decrease in primary radiation reaching the image receptor

54
Q

In which situation would using a grid be unnecessary?**
- A. When imaging body parts larger than 10 cm
- B. When imaging with kVp greater than 60
- C. When imaging a thin pediatric patient
- D. When imaging with a large field size

A

when imaging a thin pediatric patient

55
Q

Grid ratio is calculated by which of the following formulas?**
- A. h/D
- B. SID/OID
- C. Grid frequency/grid lines
- D. mAs/kVp

A

h/D

56
Q

The most common type of grid pattern used in diagnostic imaging is:**
- A. Focused grid
- B. Parallel grid
- C. Crossed grid
- D. Linear grid

A

linear grid

57
Q

Which of the following factors contributes to grid cutoff when using a focused grid?**
- A. Using the grid at the wrong SID
- B. Using a high-frequency grid
- C. Using the grid with too much OID
- D. Using a grid with high kVp

A

using the grid at the wrong SID

58
Q

What is the purpose of the interspace material in a grid?
- A. To absorb scatter radiation
- B. To allow primary radiation to pass through to the image receptor
- C. To reduce patient exposure
- D. To restrict the size of the x-ray field

A

to allow primary radiation to pass through to the image receptor

59
Q

Grid lines can be made less visible by:**
- A. Using a low-frequency grid
- B. Using a stationary grid
- C. Using a moving grid
- D. Decreasing mAs

A

using a moving grid

60
Q

A grid is typically recommended for body parts that measure more than:**
- A. 4 cm
- B. 6 cm
- C. 10 cm
- D. 15 cm

A

10 cm

61
Q

Which of the following occurs when a focused grid is placed upside down on the image receptor?**
- A. Even exposure across the image
- B. Increased density on the edges of the image
- C. Loss of density on the edges of the image
- D. Increased image contrast

A

loss of density on the edges of the image

62
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of using a focused grid over a parallel grid?**
- A. Improved scatter cleanup at long SIDs
- B. Allows more flexibility in tube angulation
- C. Less chance of grid cutoff at short SIDs
- D. Requires lower mAs for optimal exposure

A

improved scatter cleanup at long SIDs

63
Q

What is the purpose of the lead strips in a radiographic grid?**
- A. To reduce patient dose
- B. To absorb scatter radiation before it reaches the image receptor
- C. To increase the field size
- D. To improve spatial resolution

A

to absorb scatter before it reaches the image receptor

64
Q

Which of the following grid types is most suitable for mobile radiography?**
- A. Crossed grid
- B. Parallel grid
- C. Focused grid with a short focal range
- D. Linear grid with a long focal range

A

focused grid with a short focal range

65
Q

Which of the following grid ratios would typically be used for higher kVp examinations?**
- A. 5:1
- B. 6:1
- C. 8:1
- D. 12:1

A

12:1

66
Q

When using an air gap technique, increasing the SID is recommended to:**
- A. Reduce scatter reaching the image receptor
- B. Compensate for magnification caused by increased OID
- C. Decrease exposure time
- D. Increase image contrast

A

compensate for magnification caused by increased OID

67
Q

What effect does increasing grid frequency have on grid lines?**
- A. Grid lines become more visible on the image
- B. Grid lines become less visible on the image
- C. It has no effect on the visibility of grid lines
- D. Grid lines become thicker

A

grid lines become less visible on the image

68
Q

Which type of cutoff is most likely to occur with a focused grid if the SID is too short or too long?**
- A. Off-center cutoff
- B. Off-focus cutoff
- C. Upside-down cutoff
- D. Off-level cutoff

A

off-focus cut off

69
Q

Using a higher grid ratio will generally result in:**
- A. Decreased image contrast
- B. Increased risk of grid cutoff
- C. Decreased mAs requirement
- D. Increased field size

A

increased risk of grid cutoff

70
Q

What is one reason to use a short-dimension grid in imaging?**
- A. To allow flexibility in angling the tube along the short axis
- B. To reduce exposure time
- C. To reduce scatter radiation production
- D. To allow increased field size

A

to allow flexibility in angling the tube along the short axis

71
Q

A parallel grid is more likely to cause grid cutoff at:**
- A. Long SIDs
- B. Short SIDs
- C. Low kVp
- D. High grid frequency

A

short SIDs

72
Q

A grid with lead strips parallel to the long axis of the grid is called a:**
- A. Short-dimension grid
- B. Crossed grid
- C. Long-dimension grid
- D. Focused grid

A

long-dimension grid

73
Q

The Bucky factor is used to determine the required increase in which factor when using a grid?**
- A. OID
- B. SID
- C. mAs
- D. Focal spot size

A

mAs

74
Q

What is the effect of collimating to a smaller field size?**
- A. Increased scatter production
- B. Decreased patient dose
- C. Increased exposure to the image receptor
- D. Decreased image contrast

A

decreased patient dose

75
Q

The Moiré effect is most commonly associated with which of the following?**
- A. High grid frequency
- B. Low grid frequency in stationary grids used in CR
- C. High kVp
- D. Low OID

A

low grid frequency in stationary grids used in CR

76
Q

Which of the following is used to describe the orientation of lead lines in a grid?**
- A. Grid pattern
- B. Grid ratio
- C. Grid conversion factor
- D. Grid frequency

A

grid patter

77
Q

What is the main advantage of using a reciprocating grid?**
- A. It reduces patient exposure
- B. It reduces visibility of grid lines on the image
- C. It increases scatter production
- D. It increases contrast

A

it reduces visibility of grid lines on the image

78
Q

Increasing the object-to-image distance (OID) as part of the air gap technique will have what effect on image quality?**
- A. Decreased spatial resolution
- B. Decreased contrast
- C. Increased grid cutoff
- D. Increased field size

A

decreased spatial resolution

79
Q

Which of the following adjustments is necessary when switching from a 5:1 grid to a 12:1 grid?**
- A. Decrease in SID
- B. Increase in OID
- C. Increase in mAs
- D. Increase in kVp

A

Increase in mAs

80
Q

What is the primary disadvantage of using a cross-hatched grid pattern?**
- A. It requires a decrease in kVp
- B. It reduces image contrast
- C. It restricts tube angulation
- D. It reduces scatter cleanup

A

it restricts tube angulation

81
Q

The purpose of the air gap technique is to:**
- A. Increase patient dose
- B. Reduce scatter reaching the image receptor
- C. Increase exposure to the image receptor
- D. Increase SID requirements

A

reduce scatter reaching the image receptor

82
Q

What is the result of using an off-focus grid?**
- A. Uniform exposure across the image receptor
- B. Loss of exposure at the edges of the image
- C. Improved contrast throughout the image
- D. Increased scatter reaching the image receptor

A

loss of exposure at the edges of the image

83
Q

Which factor directly influences the amount of scatter radiation produced during an exam?**
- A. SID
- B. Field size
- C. Image receptor type
- D. Grid pattern

A

field size

84
Q

Which grid ratio is most likely to be used in exams that require lower kVp?**
- A. 5:1
- B. 8:1
- C. 10:1
- D. 16:1

A

5:1

85
Q

Which of the following will improve radiographic contrast?**
- A. Using a higher kVp
- B. Using a low-ratio grid
- C. Increasing collimation
- D. Decreasing mAs

A

increasing collimation

86
Q

When using a focused grid, how should it be positioned relative to the x-ray beam?**
- A. With the grid lines perpendicular to the beam
- B. With the grid lines parallel to the beam divergence
- C. Upside-down on the image receptor
- D. Placed directly at the focal range SID

A

placed directly at focal range SID

87
Q

The purpose of a convergent point in a focused grid is to:
- A. Minimize grid cutoff at any SID
- B. Align lead strips with the primary beam
- C. Increase the number of lead lines per unit length
- D. Enable cross-hatched grid patterns

A

align lead strips with the primary beam

88
Q

Which factor is primarily responsible for determining the focal range of a focused grid?**
- A. Lead strip width
- B. Grid ratio
- C. Convergent line
- D. Grid frequency

A

convergent line

89
Q

Grid conversion factors help determine the necessary increase in what when using a grid?**
- A. SID
- B. kVp
- C. mAs
- D. OID

A

mAs

90
Q

Which of the following results when the grid is angled relative to the central ray?**
- A. Increased image density
- B. Uniform exposure across the image receptor
- C. Grid cutoff
- D. Increased scatter radiation production

A

grid cutoff

91
Q

What is the purpose of the radiolucent material used between lead strips in a grid?**
- A. To absorb scatter radiation
- B. To increase image contrast
- C. To allow primary x-rays to pass through to the image receptor
- D. To enhance the visibility of grid lines

A

to allow primary x-rays to pass through to the image receptor

92
Q

When using a grid with a higher grid frequency, which adjustment is often necessary?**
- A. Decrease in OID
- B. Decrease in SID
- C. Increase in mAs
- D. Increase in kVp

A

increase in mAs

93
Q

Grid lines appear on an image when:**
- A. Using a focused grid within the focal range
- B. Using a stationary grid with digital imaging
- C. Using a high grid ratio
- D. Using a moving grid

A

using a stationary grid with digital imaging

94
Q

Which of the following will most reduce the likelihood of a Moiré pattern?**
- A. Increasing grid ratio
- B. Using a grid with a low frequency
- C. Using a moving grid with high frequency
- D. Decreasing SID

A

using a moving grid with high frequency

95
Q

The convergent line of a focused grid determines which of the following?**
- A. SID range
- B. Grid ratio
- C. Grid frequency
- D. Grid cutoff

A

SID range

96
Q

What is the primary reason for using a grid in radiographic imaging?**
- A. To reduce scatter radiation reaching the image receptor
- B. To increase patient dose
- C. To increase scatter radiation production
- D. To decrease image density

A

to reduce scatter radiation reaching the image receptor

97
Q

Which grid ratio would most likely be used for high kVp exams, such as a chest x-ray?**
- A. 5:1
- B. 6:1
- C. 8:1
- D. 16:1

A

16:1

98
Q

When a grid is improperly positioned and the central ray is not aligned, what type of cutoff may occur?**
- A. Upside-down cutoff
- B. Off-level cutoff
- C. Off-center cutoff
- D. Off-focus cutoff

A

off-center cutoff

99
Q

Which of the following will decrease when increasing the collimation?**
- A. Image contrast
- B. Scatter reaching the image receptor
- C. Radiographic density
- D. Exposure time

A

scatter reaching the image receptor

100
Q

What is the effect of using a high-ratio grid on patient dose?**
- A. It decreases patient dose
- B. It increases patient dose
- C. It has no effect on patient dose
- D. It decreases scatter radiation production

A

it increases patient dose