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DEV2011 > Imaging > Flashcards

Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

List the macro-scale imaging technologies.

A

Ultrasound, Micro-CT, OPT

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2
Q

What are ultrasounds used for?

A

Pregnancy imaging

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3
Q

What is the purpose of using computer-aided image enhancement with ultrasounds?

A

Develop clear images of the foetus

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4
Q

What is optical projection tomography (OPT) used for?

A

Constructing 3D models of animal model embryos. Can be paired with use of fluorescent antibodies, staining, fluorescence expression.

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5
Q

How does OPT work?

A

The embryo and its environment is made transparent chemically. Light is passed through.
Thicker areas-darker shadows.
Turn the camera 260 degrees to reconstruct the 3D image of the embryo.

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6
Q

Can OPT be used for large structures?

A

No, the size of the mouse embryo is the max.

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7
Q

What techniques can OPT be paired with?

A

Fluorescent antibodies, staining, fluorescence expression.

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8
Q

List the micro-scale imaging techniques.

A

Light microscopy, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy.

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9
Q

What is 3D morphometric analysis used for?

A

Measurements of human foetuses to detect abnormalities.

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10
Q

What is resolution?

A

Ability to distinguish two objects as separate entities.

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11
Q

What is the resolution of a light microscope?

A

200nm

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12
Q

What is the magnification that can be obtained using a light microscope?

A

x40 - x100

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13
Q

What is confocal microscopy?

A

Use of lasers to generate fluorescent images of one slice of a sample.

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14
Q

What colour are the DAPI and the Hoechst stains and what do they stain?

A

Blue, nucleus.

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15
Q

What is the resolution of an electron microscope?

A

50pm

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16
Q

Compare EM wavelengths to visible light wavelengths.

A

100 000x shorter

17
Q

What are the 8 steps of specimen preparation?

A

Fixation, embedding, sectioning, mounting, clearing and rehydration, staining, dehydration and clearing, final mounting.

18
Q

What is the purpose of fixation?

A

Cross-link proteins and stabilise cellular structure.

19
Q

What is a common base in fixatives?

A

Formaldehyde

20
Q

What is the purpose of embedding?

A

Provide support for tissue

21
Q

What can be used for embedding tissue?

A

Wax (parafin), resin, freezing

22
Q

What is used for slicing?

A

Microtome

23
Q

How thick are slices produced for viewing under a microscope?

A

5-10 microns

24
Q

How are clearing and rehydration performed?

A

Xylene is used for clearing and decreasing levels of alcohol are used for rehydration.

25
Q

Why are sections dehydrated and cleared after staining?

A

To improve resolution

26
Q

What does haematoxylin stain and what colour?

A

Nucleus, blue

27
Q

What does eosin stain and what colour?

A

Cytoplasm, pink

28
Q

What does alcian blue stain and what colour?

A

Connective tissue, blue

DEV2011 (13 decks)

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